血管内膜增生和再狭窄手术模型的研究进展

Research Progress of Surgical Models of Neointimal Hyperplasia and Restenosis

科技发展颠覆了传统的生活模式,但由于良好生活习惯的缺乏,加剧了人类罹患心脑血管疾病的风险,动脉粥样硬化患者总量连年增多即是一个明显例证,也就此显著提高了临床血管成形术介入治疗的需求量。传统治疗方案存在较高的术后再狭窄可能性,因此明确再狭窄发生的机制对再狭窄的防治具有重大的意义。探索再狭窄诱因与治疗方案的前提主要在于构建可靠、安全、稳定的血管再狭窄动物模型。目前,内膜增生和再狭窄模型已经成熟并广泛地应用于模拟血管成形术后血管再狭窄的情况。内膜增生的动物模型可采用多种方式致动脉损伤,如球囊导管、导丝、结扎和套环等。这些方法均可以造成动脉内膜增生,继而导致血管狭窄。本文将结合各种建模方法的特点概述各种方法的优缺点,以求寻找一种实用性最强的建模方法,供实验性血管疾病研究参考。

With the change of life style in modern society,the number of patients with atherosclerosis is increasing in recent years,and the number of patients requiring angioplasty is also increasing significantly.Existing treatment measures have a high incidence of post-operative restenosis.Clarifying the mechanisms of restenosis is of great significance for their prevention and treatment.At present,neointimal hyperplasia and restenosis model has been mature and widely used to simulate the situation of vascular restenosis after angioplasty.At present,there are a variety of arterial injury method to replicate the animal model of neointimal hyperplasia,such as balloon injury,wire injury,ligation,cuff injury.All of these method can cause intima hyperplasia and then lead to vascular stenosis.This paper will review the characteristics of various modeling method to summarize the advantages and disadvantages of each method,in order to find a most practical modeling method and provide references for experimental vascular disease studies.