空间可达性研究述评——基于土地利用和交通互动视角

A Review on the Spatial Accessibility:A Perspective from the Interaction between Land Use and Transportation

近年来空间可达性研究成果数量呈快速递增趋势,鉴于该领域可达性概念内涵不断拓宽,研究问题类型不断丰富,有必要对其间的研究成果进行总结,使人们更清楚地认识现阶段该领域研究存在的问题以及今后的研究方向。论文从土地利用和交通互动视角对可达性研究进行述评,不但对可达性内涵提出更明确要求,而且指出可达性子课题研究的意义和子课题之间的相互关系。研究方法方面,以中外核心和社会科学引文索引(SSCI)期刊为载体,回顾2009一2018年这10年间可达性研究的总体进展,包括论文发表数量、刊物类型、研究技术方法、研究空间层面和对象等;在辨析可达性内涵基础上,回顾6大可达性相关主题下的热点问题,包括可达性与区位、社会经济属性、居住选址和房(地)价、交通行为、公共健康行为及公共政策评估等的互动关系问题。发现可达性研究领域未来仍然有大量的具体工作要做,其中最关键的3方面为:进一步探索可达性与体系内其他土地利用和交通要素的相互关系、继续优化可达性衡量方法,以及加强可达性作为规划政策分析工具的功能。

The number of research achievements in the field of spatial accessibility has shown a rapid increase in recent years.Given the continuously expanding connotation of accessibility and the increasing diversity of research questions in this field,it is necessary to summarize the research achievements to provide a clearer understanding of the existing problems and future research directions in this field.From the perspective of the interaction between land use and transportation,this paper reviews accessibility research,not only proposing clearer requirements for the connotation of accessibility,but also pointing out the significance of sub-topic research and the interrelationships between sub-topics.Using core domestic and foreign databases and Social Sciences Citation Index(SSCI)journals as carriers,this paper reviews the overall progress of accessibility research from 2009 to 2018,including the number of papers published,types of publications,research techniques,spatial levels and objects of study.Based on an analysis of the connotation of accessibility,the paper reviews the hot issues in six major accessibility-related topics,including the interaction between accessibility and location,social and economic attributes,residential location and housing(land)prices,transportation behavior,public health behavior,and public policy evaluation.It is found that there is still a lot of specific work to be done in the field of accessibility research in the future.The three most critical aspects are:further exploring the interrelationships between accessibility and other land use and transportation elements within the system,continuing to optimize accessibility measurement methods,and strengthening the functionality ofaccessibility as a planning and policy analysis tool.