运用Price生态方程解析森林受损响应机制与恢复过程

Using the Price ecological equation to simulate the response mechanism of forest damage and stand restoration process

东北地区绝大多数原始天然林由于不合理采伐和严重破坏退化成次生林;搞清次生林向顶级群落恢复演变的过程中,树种丰富度变化效应、树种组成效应等相对影响大小,对于次生林经营实践具有重要指导意义.本文基于吉林蛟河大样地数据,以树种空间关系为出发点对Price生态方程进行多种划分,研究划分方法间关系及各效应随时间的变化.研究结果发现,不同划分方式间存在可加性;随着群落恢复时间的变化,树种丰富度引起的直接效应与间接效应占比基本持平,维持在0.4952~0.5048;树种丧失直接效应与共有树种效应是其余效应3倍以上.因此,在林业生产经营中不仅要关注经人为干扰后的树种数量变化,更要关注丧失与新增树种的影响,对应不同的森林恢复阶段采取不同的经营方式,避免破坏森林的生态系统功能.

Most of the old-growth forests in Northeast China have degenerated into secondary forests due to unreasonable cutting and serious damage.Determining the effects of changes in tree species richness and composition on secondary forest restoration and evolution to the top community is important for managing secondary forests.Based on data from the Jiaohe sample plot in Jilin Province,this study used the Price ecological equation and studied the relationship between the division methods and change in each effect with time using the spatial relationship of the tree species as the starting point.The results showed that there was additivity between different division methods.The proportion of direct and indirect effects of the changes in tree species richness was similar to that of the effects of the change in recovery time,which was maintained at 0.4952-0.5048.The Richness Loss Direct effect and Null Richness Change effect of tree species was more than three times that of other effects.Therefore,forestry production and management should consider the changes in the number of tree species after human interference,as well as the impact of loss and new tree species,and adopt various management methods corresponding to different forest restoration stages to avoid damaging the ecosystem functions of the forest.