摩擦伏特效应

The tribovoltaic effect

摩擦起电是一个普遍存在的现象,几乎发生在任何材料界面,其中半导体之间的摩擦起电具有独特的性质.当p型半导体在n型半导体表面摩擦时,两个材料界面在机械滑动的作用下发生化学键的断裂以及新化学键的生成,释放能量(简称键合子“bindington”)并激发半导体界面电子-空穴对.摩擦激发的电子-空穴对在p-n结处的内建电场作用下分离并产生直流电,这个过程与光伏效应类似,因此该现象被命名为摩擦伏特效应.摩擦伏特效应与光伏效应唯一的不同是摩擦伏特效应中电子-空穴对是由界面原子瞬时结合成键而释放的能量所激发,而光伏效应是由光所激发.本文回顾了近年来摩擦伏特效应研究的相关进展,总结了基于摩擦伏特效应的摩擦伏特发电机技术及其潜在应用.摩擦伏特效应作为半导体界面接触起电中重要的一环,对其研究不仅有助于深入了解接触起电的机理,还有望推动摩擦纳米发电机、半导体等研究领域的发展.

Triboelectrification(CE)is a universal phenomenon between any two materials interface.Among them,the triboelectric between semiconductors has unique properties.When a p-type semiconductor slides on an n-type semiconductor surface,the chemical bond between the two material interfaces breaks and new chemical bonds are formed under the action of mechanical sliding,releasing energy"bindington"and exciting the electron-hole pairs at the semiconductor interface.The mechanical sliding excited electron-hole pairs separate under the action of the built-in electric field at the p-n junction and generate a direct current.This process is similar to the photovoltaic effect,so the phenomenon is called tribovoltaic effect.The only difference between the tribovoltaic effect and the photovoltaic effect is that the electron-hole pairs in the tribovoltaic effect are excited by mechanical sliding,while the photovoltaic effect is excited by photons.In this paper,the research progress of the tribovoltaic effect in recent years is reviewed,and the technology of tribovoltaic nanogenerator based on the tribovoltaic effect and its potential applications are elaborated.The tribovoltaic effect is an important part of contact electrification at the semiconductor interface,and its research not only contributes to a better understanding of the mechanism of contact electrification but also has the potential to advance the development and application of triboelectrification nanogenerators and semiconductors.