纳米发电机应用:新型高压电源技术

Nanogenerator application:New high-voltage power supply technology

摩擦电纳米发电机(TENG),作为一种新兴的能量收集技术,在过去十年中取得了快速进展.除了微纳能源和自驱动传感等应用,高电压和低电流的输出特性促进TENGs作为新型高压电源开创了一系列卓有成效的应用.对于TENGs,实现数百甚至数千伏的电压输出相对容易,而电流输出可保持在几微安的量级,这为开发安全的高压应用带来了机遇,如等离子体激发、流体和颗粒操控、空气净化、杀菌消毒等.此综述介绍了TENGs产生电压的基本理论,并总结了将TENGs电压提升至数万伏的策略,还详细评述了这些高压TENGs(HV-TENGs)在物理、化学和生物领域的应用.最后,讨论了TE-TENGs将来可能面临的机遇和挑战.

Triboelectric nanogenerators(TENG),as an emerging energy harvesting technology,have made rapid progress over the past decade.In addition to applications such as micro-nano energy and self-driving sensing,the output characteristics of high voltage and low current have enabled TENGs to open up a series of fruitful applications as a new high voltage power supply.For TENGs,it is relatively easy to achieve voltage outputs of hundreds or even thousands of volts,while current outputs can be maintained in the order of a few microamps,which presents opportunities to develop safe high-voltage applications such as plasma excitation,fluid and particle manipulation,air purification,sterilization,and more.This review introduces the basic theory of voltage generation by TENGs,summarizes the strategies for increasing the voltage of TENGs to tens of thousands of volts,and reviews in detail the application of these high-voltage TENGs(HV-TENGs)in the fields of physics,chemistry,and biology.Finally,the opportunities and challenges that HV-TENGs may face in the future are discussed.