全球化时代处于十字路口的比较教育学--卡洛斯·托雷斯比较教育思想探赜

Current Examination and Future Prospect of Comparative Education in the Globalized Time--An Exploration of Torres Thought on Comparative Education

作为全球知名的比较教育与弗莱雷研究学者,卡洛斯·托雷斯进行了一系列开创性研究。托雷斯重申了弗莱雷批判教育学及参与行动研究方法的当代价值。托雷斯认为全球化具有人权、文化融合与全球媒体等六种形式。据此,当下比较教育学有三大发展路向:促进国际比较教育的对话,特别关注挑战与责任;加强比较教育和国际教育的科学承诺,让金砖国家进一步步入正轨;通过在全球各地建立新的协会来扩大比较教育的影响力。针对民族主义的抬头和新冠肺炎疫情的出现,托雷斯发展了全球公民教育的新维度,即全球性伦理与全球公民价值观教育。为了超越结构主义社会和文化再生产理论的解释力,托雷斯提出了“平行主义策略”这一新的理论模型,它可有效地鼓励学者探索阶级、性别、种族以及其他形式的统治在学校教育中的独立影响。托雷斯认为,目前的比较教育研究只囿于学术界,较少影响到公共政策和社会运动等领域,并且社会科学中的众多前沿理论只是偶尔进入比较教育领域,还未形成新概念、新规范和新程序。据此,托雷斯希冀未来比较教育的研究,超越技术层面的弊端而关心政治层面的民主议题。

As a world-renowned comparative education scholar,Torres has conducted a series of pioneering studies.Torres reiterated the contemporary value of Freire's critical pedagogy and participatory action research methods.Torres believes that globalization has six forms,such as human rights,cultural hybridity and global media.Therefore,there are three major development directions of comparative education at present.The COVID-19 pandemic and the emergence of nationalism have led to the development of a new dimension of global citizenship education,namely global ethics and global value education.In order to surpass the explanatory power of structuralist social and cultural reproduction theory,Torres proposed a new theoretical model of parallelism strategy,which can effectively encourage the exploration of the independent influence of class,gender,race and other forms of domination in school education.Torres believes that the current comparative education research is limited to academia and has less impact on public policies and social movements.Moreover,many cutting-edge theories in social sciences only occasionally enter the field of education and have not formed new concepts or normative procedures.Accordingly,Torres hopes that the future research on comparative education will go beyond the disadvantages of the technical level and care about the democratic issues at the political level.