寻求效果评价与效率评价之均衡?——美国PPAT教师职前评价模式述评

Seeking a Balance between Effectiveness Assessment and Efficiency Assessment:A Review of the PPAT Teachers'Pre-service Assessment in the United

“教师实践表现性评价”(PPAT)是美国著名的“教育考试服务中心”(ETS)新近开发的一种面向入职教师的评价工具。它立足教学实践,设计了四项任务,侧重评价教师真实的教学技能,对职前教师在获得教学许可证之前的教学能力和影响学生学习的能力作出基于证据的判断。PPAT评价具有以下五个方面的特点:面向真实完整的教学实践;与权威专业标准相衔接;任务驱动并基于证据;提供持续的评价反馈;重视教师专业成长评价。PPAT评价是美国基于证据的教师表现性评价的一部分,也是美国职前教师教育领域当下最前沿的改革,体现了美国教师评价领域追求评价效率与评价效果之间平衡关系的不懈努力,对改进和完善我国的教师职前培养评价体系具有一定的借鉴意义。

Praxis Performance Assessment for Teachers(PPAT)is a newly-developed assessment tool for pre-service teachers designed by the famous Educational Testing Ser-vice(ETS)in the United States.Based on teaching practice,it designed four tasks,which focus on evaluating teachers'teaching skills,and make evidence-based judgments on pre-service teachers'ability to teach and their ability to influence students'learning before ob-taining teaching licenses.It has the following five characteristics:It is oriented toward the authentic and complete teaching practice;it aligns with authoritative professional stan-dards;it is task-driven and evidence-based;it provides continuous assessment feedback;it emphasizes assessment of teacher professional growth.PPAT Assessment is part of the evi-dence-based teacher performance assessment,and it is also the most cutting-edge reform in the field of pre-service teacher education in the United States at the present time,reflect-ing the unremitting efforts to seek a balance between efficiency and effectiveness,which has certain significance for improving and perfecting the assessment system of pre-service teacher preparation in China.