寒冷地区体育馆不同运动强度下的人体热舒适实验研究

Experimental Study on Human Thermal Comfort under Different Exercise Intensity in Gymnasium in Cold Area

运动人体的热感觉会受到地区、气候、运动状态、代谢率等多方面因素影响。按照代谢率将运动强度分为低、中、高三级,并对应具体运动类型。选取寒冷地区北京市某高校体育馆进行实验,过程中监测环境参数并记录受试者的生理参数、主观感觉。分析不同运动强度下的人体热感知特点与影响因素。结果表明:运动强度升高,运动人体的皮肤温度降低,心率和代谢率升高,热感觉更强烈,适应运动状态需要的时间更长。低强度运动下热感觉主要受环境温度和皮肤温度的影响。利用主成分分析法建立热感觉和热环境参数的回归模型,根据模型看出,低强度运动热感觉受环境参数影响较大,影响因子分别达到了0.557、0.840和0.419,中高强度运动热感觉受湿度影响较小,影响因子不超过0.1,建议实测场馆在运行不同运动强度的项目时进行分区域精细化调控。比较被试者实测热感觉与PMV值,发现代谢率越高的运动,二者偏差越大。比较男女性受试者的主观投票,发现男性受试者的热感觉和热舒适投票值的变化范围大于女性,男性更容易感觉到“热”。

Exercise human body is affected by many factors such as region,climate,exercise state and metabolic rate.According to metabolic rate,exercise intensity is divided into low,medium and high levels,and corresponding to specific exercise.A university gymnasium in a cold area of Beijing is selected for the experiment.Environmental parameters are monitored and physiological parameters and subjective feelings of the subjects are recorded.The characteristics and influencing factors of human heat perception under different exercise intensities are analyzed.The results show that with the increase of exercise intensity,the skin temperature of exercisers decrease,the heart rate and metabolic rate increase,the thermal sensation is stronger,and it takes longer to adapt to the exercise state.Thermal sensation under low intensity exercise is mainly affected by ambient temperature and skin temperature.According to the experimental results,the regression model of thermal sensation and thermal environment parameters is established by the principal component analysis method.According to the model,the thermal sensation of low-intensity exercise is greatly affected by environmental parameters,and the influence factors reach 0.557,0.840 and 0.419 respectively.The thermal sensation of medium-intensity exercise is less affected by humidity,and the influence factor is no more than 0.1.It is suggested to carry out regional fine regulation when running projects with different sports intensity.By comparing the measured thermal sensation and PMV values of the subjects,it is found that the higher the metabolic rate,the greater the deviation between the two.By comparing the subjective voting of male and female subjects,it is found that the variation range of thermal sensation and thermal comfort voting values of male subjects is greater than that of female subjects,and male subjects are more likely to feel“hot”.