面向大高差RTK的对流层延迟改正模型及实时差分服务构建

Tropospheric Delay Model and Real-Time Differencial Service for Large Height Difference

在大高差区域,实时动态定位(real time kinematic, RTK)的站间对流层延迟差异较大,传统的RTK算法忽略站间大气延迟误差,严重影响定位精度。无论是全球还是中国范围,大高差地形都广泛分布,研究大高差RTK十分必要。由于对流层延迟参数与高程参数强相关,RTK中无法实时估计对流层延迟,引入外部模型是大高差RTK中修正对流层延迟误差的唯一手段。分析了大高差RTK对对流层延迟模型的特殊需求,总结了可用的经验对流层延迟模型。为进一步提高大高差RTK的定位精度,提出了基于连续运行参考站和气象站的实时实测对流层延迟模型构建方法。两种方法虽然能够提高RTK精度,但都存在各自的缺陷,未来需要进一步研究。在此基础上,提出了基于因特网航海无线电技术委员会传输协议的小区域大高差RTK服务方法,实现了RTK用户的对流层延迟无感改正。

Objectives:In areas with large height differences,the tropospheric delay difference between real time kinematic(RTK)stations is significant.Traditional RTK algorithms ignore the atmospheric delay error between stations,which seriously affects positioning accuracy.Both globally and in China,there are exten-sive distributions of large height differences in terrain,making the study of large height differen-ce RTK necessary.Methods:As the height parameter is strongly correlated with the tropospheric delay pa-rameter,real time estimation of tropospheric delay is not possible in RTK,and external models are the on-ly means to correct tropospheric delay errors in large height difference RTK.We analyze the special require-ments of tropospheric delay models for large height difference RTK and summarize the available empirical tropospheric delay models.To further improve the positioning accuracy of large height difference RTK,real time measured tropospheric delay models based on continuously operating reference stations stations and meteorological stations is proposed.Results:Although both methods can improve RTK positioning accura-cy,they each have their own shortcomings that need further study.Conclusions:On this basis,a method based on networked transport of radio technical commission for maritime services via Internet protocol protocol for small area large height difference RTK service is proposed,which realizes seamless correction of tropospheric delay for RTK users.