教育何以影响欠发达地区农户多维相对贫困?--来自西藏农牧区1104户调研的证据

How does education affect farmers’multidimensional relative poverty in underdeveloped areas?A case study in Tibet

相对贫困的有效治理是提高农民幸福感和实现共同富裕的必然要求。基于西藏农牧区1104份微观调查数据,从知识学历教育和技能职业教育两个视角探讨教育对欠发达地区农户多维相对贫困的影响效应及作用机制。研究表明,农户多维相对贫困占比为37.14%,单维度相对贫困中,发展能力维度相对贫困率最高,收入能力维度相对贫困率最低。知识学历教育和技能职业教育均显著降低了农户多维相对贫困,教育水平越高、教育投资越多、参加非农技能培训以及获得技能培训证书的农户多维相对贫困概率较低。作用机制分析表明,社会参与和非农就业对教育减贫作用具有正向调节作用,社会参与正向调节知识学历教育缓解多维相对贫困作用,而非农就业正向调节技能职业教育缓解多维相对贫困作用。

Effective governance of relative poverty is an inevitable requirement to improve farmers'happiness and achieve common prosperity.Based on the survey data of 1104 farmers and herdsmen in Tibet,we analyze the impact effect and mechanism of education on the multidimensional relative poverty of farmers from the perspectives of degree education and non-degree education.Results show that,the proportion of multidimensional relative poverty is 37.14%.In the one-dimensional relative poverty,the relative poverty rate in the development capacity dimension is the highest and the relative poverty rate in the income capacity dimension is the lowest.Degree education and non-degree education have significantly reduced the multidimensional relative poverty of farmers.Farmers with higher education level,more education investment,non-agricultural skill training and skill training certificate have lower multidimensional relative poverty deprivation score and multidimensional relative poverty probability.The impact mechanism analysis shows that social participation and non-agricultural employment have a positive regulatory effect on education poverty reduction.Social participation has a positive regulatory effect on degree education to reduce multidimensional relative poverty,while non-agricultural employment has a positive regulatory effect on non-degree education to reduce multidimensional relative poverty.