天然放牧系统反刍动物甲烷排放研究进展

Research advances on enteric methane emission from ruminants in natural grazing system

近年来,世界各地极端气候事件(极端降水、极端干旱、高温热浪、极端低温等)频发,主要是由于人类活动产生的温室气体大量排放导致的全球变暖所致.因此,实现碳中和、提高气候韧性、减缓气候变化已成为世界各国的共同目标.甲烷(CH_(4))是大气中仅次于二氧化碳(CO_(2))的第二大温室气体,但其增温潜势较后者更强.反刍动物肠道发酵可产生大量CH_(4),不仅影响生态环境,还会导致饲料能量的损失.天然放牧型畜牧业作为甲烷排放的重要来源之一,因其对气候变化的影响近年来备受关注.本文主要介绍了天然放牧型畜牧业系统中反刍动物的甲烷排放及其减排策略和管理措施,并介绍了几种应用于放牧反刍动物甲烷排放的核算方法和监测技术,以期为中长期减少放牧家畜生产系统碳足迹战略以及实现我国“双碳”目标提供技术参考.

In recent years, extreme weather events including extreme precipitation, extreme drought, heat wave, and extreme low temperaturehave occurred frequently around the world. This is mainly due to global warming caused by greenhouse gases produced by humanactivities. Therefore, it is the shared goal of all countries to achieve carbon neutrality, increased climate resilience, and mitigatedclimate changes. Methane (CH4) is the second most important greenhouse gas after carbon dioxide (CO2), but its warming potential isstronger. Methane from enteric fermentation in ruminants not only affects the environment, but also represents the loss of feed energy.As one of the important sources of CH4 emission, extensive livestock systems have attracted much attention in recent years because oftheir impact on climate changes. This article mainly introduces the CH4 emission of ruminants in the extensive livestock systems, andthe mitigation strategies and management practices. It also introduces several accounting methods and monitoring technologies forCH4 emission of ruminants, aiming to provide technical guidance for the medium- and long-term strategy of reducing the carbonfootprint of livestock production systems and achieving the “double carbon” goal.