幼儿园教师承受着怎样的角色压力——基于教师视角的混合研究

On the Role Stress of Kindergarten Teachers-A Hybrid Study Based on Teachers'Perspectives

角色压力影响着幼儿园教师的身心健康和工作状态,并愈发成为建设高质量学前教育教师队伍的重要制约因素。本研究基于教师视角,以江苏省571名幼儿园教师作为研究对象,采用聚敛式平行设计的混合研究方法,从压力水平与样态两方面窥见其角色压力的实然之貌。结果显示,当前幼儿园教师的角色压力在整体上处于一种超载状态,并具体表现在角色模糊、角色冲突和角色负荷三个维度。以角色互动模型为框架,借助社会角色理论、组织社会学理论和关系社会学理论进行分析,发现幼儿园教师超载的角色压力源自教师角色塑造、园所组织管理和人际关系建构等方面。为此,应建立“预防-纾解-管控”三位一体的幼儿园教师角色压力调适体系。

Role stress affects the physical and mental health and performance of kindergarten teachers,and is increasingly becoming one of the key constraints in building a high-quality preschool teaching force.Based on teachers'perspectives,this study used a mixed research method with 571 kindergarten teachers in Jiangsu Prov-ince as the study subjects,and adopted a convergent parallel design to get a glimpse of their role stress in terms of stress levels and patterns.The results show that the current role stress of kindergarten teachers is in an over-load state as a whole,manifested in three dimensions:role ambiguity,role conflict and role load.Using the Role Interaction Model as a framework,and drawing on social role theory,organizational sociology theory and rela-tional sociology theory,it is found that the overload role stress stems from problems in teacher role shaping,kin-dergarten organization management,and interpersonal relationship construction.In this regard,a three-in-one system of"prevention,relief and control"should be established to adjust kindergarten teachers'role stress.