新疆阿勒泰地区城乡聚落演变影响因素及重要度分析

Analysis on the influence factors and importance of urban-rural settlement evolution in Altay region of Xinjiang

随着乡村振兴战略的提出与实施,城乡发展进入了新阶段,探究城乡聚落的演变特征及影响因素对实现现代化城乡发展有重要意义。本文以新疆阿勒泰地区为例,提取城乡聚落信息,通过叠加分析、核密度分析、道路可达性分析及Logistic回归模型,定量分析2000—2020年阿勒泰地区城乡聚落演变及其影响因素重要度。结果表明:阿勒泰地区城乡聚落分布存在显著差异性,东北部山地及西南部沙漠地带城乡聚落分布极少,集中分布在西北至东南河谷地带,形成以阿勒泰市为中心的多核带状分布模式,核密度呈现出以西北到东南为轴的中心增长两侧减少的变化趋势;2000—2020年,新增城乡聚落主要分布在坡度0°~5°、距河流10 km内、高程500~800 m、道路可达性高及地形平坦的平原地区;自然地理因素是影响聚落分布的决定性因素,具有明显的聚人口、邻乡镇、缓坡度、近河流的空间分布指向性。基于影响因素分析,提出阿勒泰地区发展特色村镇、构建以乡镇为中心的生活服务圈、保护重点生态功能区等城乡发展建议。

The development of urban and rural areas has entered a new stage with the proposal and implementation of a rural revitalization strategy.It is of great significance to explore the evolutionary characteristics and influencing factors of urban and rural settlements to realize the modernization of urban and rural development.Taking the Altay region as an example,this study extracted urban and rural settlement information and quantitatively analyzed their evolution and the importance of influencing factors in the Altay region from 2000 to 2020.This was done by superposition analysis,kernel density analysis,road accessibility analysis,and a logistic regression model.The results showed a significant difference in the distribution of urban and rural settlements in the Altay region.The distribution of urban and rural settlements is very small in the mountainous northeast and desert southwest and is concentrated in the northwest to southeast valley.A multicore zonal distribution pattern was formed,with Altai City at the center.The core density increased in the center from northwest to southeast and decreased on both sides.From 2000 to 2020,the newly increased urban and rural settlements were mainly distributed in plain areas with slopes of 0°to 5°,within 10 km of rivers,elevation of 500m to 800m,high road accessibility,and flat terrain.Natural geographical factors are decisive factors affecting the distribution of settlements,with obvious spatial distribution directness of populations,adjacent towns and villages,gentle slopes,and proximity to rivers.Based on the analysis of the influencing factors,this study proposes some suggestions for developing characteristic villages and towns in the Altay area,building a life service circle centered on towns and villages,and protecting key ecological functional areas.