上海崩塌灾害的多传感器融合观测技术与普查识别

Multi-sensor fusion observation technology and survey identification of collapse disaster in Shanghai

上海市西部零散分布的基岩残丘群,由于历史时期强烈的采石和建筑工程活动,形成了崩塌灾害易发区,岩体崩塌事件相继发生。受技术条件限制,以往开展的崩塌灾害调查无法实现有效的监测和预警,传统地质勘察、地形测量难以在陡峭山体开展,或者其精度无法满足灾害评估的要求。三维激光扫描、无人机倾斜摄影与机载激光雷达等实景复制技术是近年来快速发展的高新技术,是目前解决上海市山体崩塌灾害的可能路径。在此背景下,笔者在比较多种新型观测技术优势基础上设计了上海市崩塌灾害多技术手段综合调查技术流程。以辰山采石坑为例,基于无人机获取的高精度山体实景模型,构建了地质灾害三维解译场。通过数字地形分析和计算机模拟等技术实现了灾害特征数据自动化提取、结构面产状的智能化识别和崩塌地质灾害过程模拟,为崩塌孕灾条件调查、危险性评价找到了新的方法和手段。研究结果表明,辰山矿坑距边坡30 m的范围内为崩塌潜在的风险区域。本次研究为上海市基岩残丘区崩塌灾害调查和防治提供了技术方法借鉴。

Owing to extensive and historical quarrying and construction activities,the bedrock mounds scattered west of Shanghai have formed an area prone to collapse,and rock mass collapse events have occurred successively.Limited by technical conditions,previous investigations of collapse disasters could not achieve effective monitoring and early warning.Traditional geological investigations and topographic surveys are difficult to perform on steep mountains and their accuracy does not meet the requirements of disaster assessment.3D laser scanning,unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)tilt photography,airborne laser radar,and other real-scene reproduction technologies have developed rapidly in recent years.These are possible methods for resolving mountain collapse disasters in Shanghai.In this context,the author designed a comprehensive technical process using multi-technical means for investigating collapse disasters in Shanghai by comparing the advantages of various new observation technologies.Taking the Chenshan Quarry as an example,a 3D geological disaster interpretation field was constructed based on a high-precision mountain real-scene model obtained by the UAV.Using digital terrain analysis and computer simulation,the automatic extraction of disaster feature data,intelligent identification of structural plane occurrence,and simulation of geological disaster processes were determined.These new methods have revolutionized collapse hazard investigations and risk assessments in Shanghai.The results showed that a potential risk area for collapse in the Chenshan Quarry was 30 m from the slope.This study provides a reference for the investigation and prevention of collapse disasters of bedrock mounds in Shanghai,China.