数控机床多通道高精度振动信号采集系统设计

Design of multi-channel high-precision vibration signal acquisition system for CNC machine

针对当前数控机床振动信号采集成本高、数据传输慢、噪声大和小幅度信号还原能力弱等问题,以国产现场可编程门阵列(Field-Programmable Gate Array,FPGA)芯片和ARM微处理器为核心开发了一套低成本、多通道且高精度的振动信号采集系统。首先进行了整体方案设计;接着完成了信号采集电路、信号传输电路及软件模块的开发;最后基于Labview环境开发了上位机软件并进行了振动信号采集系统的功能测试与验证。测试表明,系统可精确采集数控机床振动信号,对低频、小幅度振动信号采集更具优势,具有一定的工程应用价值。

Aiming at the problems of high cost,slow data transmission,high noise and weak small-amplitude signal reduction ability of vibration signal acquisition of CNC machine tools,a low-cost,multi-channel and high-precision vibration signal acquisition system was developed with domestic Field-Programmable Gate Array(FPGA)chip and ARM microprocessor as the core.Firstly,the overall scheme was designed,and then the signal acquisition circuit,signal transmission circuit and software module were developed.Finally,the upper computer software was developed based on Labview environment,and the function test and verification of the vibration signal acquisition system were carried out.The test shows that the system can accurately collect the vibration signals of CNC machine tools,and has more advantages in collecting low frequency and small amplitude vibration signals,which has a certain engineering application value.