固体废物利用与处置碳排放研究进展和发展趋势

Research progress and trend of carbon emissions from solid waste utilization and disposal

固体废物是重要的碳排放源,通过源头减量、资源化与能源化利用以及处理处置过程优化控制可显著降低碳排放水平或产生负碳.但如何度量固体废物利用与处置带来的减碳效益,在方法学和管理策略等方面显然缺乏系统的梳理和总结.本文首先阐明了固体废物源头产生-过程处理与利用-末端处置等生命周期过程碳排放的“源”和“汇”,从固体废物类别、利用和处置方式、研究尺度等多个维度,对比分析了固体废物的碳排放强度和水平,并对碳排放与减碳的核算方法和评价体系进行了探讨和总结分析,进一步提出了固体废物治理与碳减排协同增效的研究建议.

Solid waste is an important source of carbon emissions.By promotion of source reduction,resource and energy recycling,and optimization of utilization and disposal processes,carbon emissions from solid waste sector can be significantly reduced and there are even negative carbon emissions.However,how to measure the carbon reduction benefits from solid waste treatment obviously lacks systematic evaluation and summary in terms of methodology and controlling strategy.In the present study,the source and sink of carbon emissions in the life cycle processes of solid waste,such as generation,treatment,utilization,and ultimate disposal,have been clarified.The carbon emission intensity and level of different solid wastes have been compared and analyzed from multiple dimensions,such as the categories of solid waste,utilization and disposal methods,research scales,and so on.The accounting methods and evaluation system for carbon emissions from solid waste and its mitigation have been discussed and summarized.Moreover,suggestions on the synergistic effect of solid waste governance and carbon emission reduction have been put forward.