环境管制的健康效应与福利效应

The Health and Welfare Effects of Environmental Regulation

本文采用倍差法考察环境管制对健康、就业与收入的影响,并结合构建的理论模型估算环境管制的福利效应。研究发现,环境管制显著改善了健康状况,但降低了就业与工资水平,尽管工资影响不够显著。上述效应在不同经济发展阶段具有显著差异,并且高年龄、低教育组是上述健康收益与经济成本的主要获得者与承担者。福利效应分析表明,环境管制下健康改善的福利收益有效弥补了就业降低的福利损失。

Using difference-in-difference strategy and theoretical model,we examine the impact of environmental regulation on individual health,employment,income and welfare.We find that environmental regulation significantly improved the health,but reduced employment and wage,although the income effect is not statistically significant.The impact of environmental regulation is heterogeneous at different stages of economic development.And the high-age and low-educated groups are the main gainers and bearers of the health benefits and economic costs.The welfare effect suggests that the welfare gains of health improvement under environmental regulation effectively compensate for the welfare loss of employmentreduction.