儿童百日咳临床特征及重症百日咳危险因素分析

Clinical characteristics and risk factors of severe pertussis in children

目的通过对2020年1月-2021年1月期间天津市第四中心医院收治的百日咳患儿的临床特征及重症百日咳危险因素进行分析,总结出临床医学上对该病的防治结论,从而预防重症百日咳的出现。方法随机调取在天津市第四中心医院2020年1月-2021年1月期间收治的100例百日咳患儿相关病案,将100例百日咳患儿的病案资料分为两组,一组为低龄组(患儿年龄≤3个月),一组为大龄组(患儿年龄>3个月),3月龄以下35例,3-6月龄27例,6月龄-3岁龄23例,3岁以上15例。100例患儿中,普通型百日咳患儿为80例(80%),重症型百日咳患儿数量为20例(20%)。结果100例百日咳患儿中有男性患儿55例(55%),女性患儿45例(45%),其中≤3月龄的患儿数量为35例(35%),>3月龄的患儿数量为65例(65%)。100例患儿中共78人存在痉挛性咳嗽(78%),30例存在鸡鸣样回声(30%),咳嗽时发绀的患儿49例(49%),合并肺炎的患儿85例(85%),呼吸骤停的患儿10例(10%)。结论儿童百日咳存在较高重症率,未接种疫苗群体幼儿是该病的高发群体,咳嗽时发绀、合并肺炎、呼吸骤停是该病比较突出的重症临床表现。

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics and risk factors of severe pertussis in children admitted to our hospital between January 2020 and January 2021,the conclusion of prevention and treatment of this disease in clinical medicine was summarized to prevent the occurrence of severe pertussis.Methods A total of 100 cases of pertussis were randomly from January 2020 to January 2021.All cases were divided into two groups,one group was younger than 3 months(age≤3 months),the other group was older than 3 months(age>3 months),35 cases were younger than 3 months,27 cases were 3-6 months old,23 cases were 6-3 months old,15 cases were over 3 years old.There were 80 cases(80%)of common pertussis and 20 cases(20%)of severe pertussis in 100 cases.Results Among 100 pertussis patients,55(55%)were male and 45(45%)were female,35(35%)were≤3 months old and 65(65%)were>3 months old.A total of 78(78%)of the 100 patients had spasmodic cough,30(30%)had crowing echo,49(49%)had cyanosis at the time of cough,85(85%)had pneumonia,and 10(10%)had apnea.Conclusion There is a high rate of severe pertussis in children,and the unvaccinated group is the high-risk group of pertussis.Cyanosis,pneumonia and respiratory arrest are the prominent clinical manifestations of pertussis.