附义务赠与的法律构造

The Legal Structure of Gift with Obligation

对于“何种法律行为属于附义务赠与”这一问题,学理和实证法关注不足,实务中分歧丛生,此种局面易导致规范适用出现障碍,故有必要对附义务赠与的法律构造进行深入考察。外部构造层面,附义务赠与属于单务合同,其中的片面义务为受赠人之所附义务,该义务以附义务赠与合意以及赠与财产权的移转共同作为其正当性基础。内部构造层面,附义务赠与系兼具有偿性和无偿性的法律行为,以所附义务的价值为限,赠与人给付之赠与财产权可以抽象地分为两部分,在该价值限度内的部分与所附义务构成对价关系,在该价值限度外的部分则属于纯粹的无偿给予。

As for the question of“what kind of legal act belongs to the gift with obligation”,the academic theories and empirical laws pay insufficient attention to it,and there are many divergences in practice,which can easily lead to obstacles in the application of norms.Therefore,it is necessary to conduct an in-depth investigation on the legal structure of the gift with obligation.At the level of external structure,the gift with obligation belongs to the unilateral contract,and the one-sided obligation is the attached obligation of the recipient.The obligation is based on the agreement of the gift with obligation and the joint transfer of the gift property right.At the level of internal structure,the legal acts of the gift with obligation are both paid and un-paid.Limited by the value of the attached obligation,the property right paid by the donor can be abstractly divided into two parts.The part within the value limit constitute a consideration relationship with the gift with obligation,and another part outside the value limit belongs to pure gratuitous gift.