“人的二元论”及其消解——从费尔巴哈、施蒂纳到马克思

The Dualism of Man and Its Dissolution—From Feuerbach, Stirner to Marx

1842—1845年期间,青年黑格尔派曾通过将宗教世界归结于它的世俗基础来消除“思想的统治”,却意外地建立起了带有神学色彩的“人的二元论”;围绕着如何消解“人的二元论”,他们之间又产生了激烈的斗争。这场内斗的结果,不仅使青年黑格尔派本身解体,而且最终促使了马克思的“现实的个人”概念的诞生。本文将以从费尔巴哈到施蒂纳再到马克思的思想发展为主线,分析他们以“观念的异化”来反抗“思想的统治”的理论逻辑,以及“人的二元论”框架的理论困难,从而揭示出马克思从“现实的个人”出发的必然性。

From 1842 to 1845,the Young Hegelians had sought to eliminate the domination of thought by reducing the religious world to its secular foundations,but had accidentally established the Dualism of Manwith theological overtones.There was a fierce struggle among them over how to dissolve the Dualism of Man.The result of this infighting was not only the disintegration of the Young Hegelians themselves,but also the birth of Marx’s concept of the realistic individual eventually.Taking the thought development from Feuerbach,Stirner to Marx as its main line,this thesis will analyse the theoretical logic of their revolt against the domination of thoughtthrough the alienation of ideasand the theoretical difficulties of the framework of the Dualism of Man,revealing the inevitability of Marx’s starting from the realistic individual.