亚成体与老年体圈养大熊猫的口腔菌群多样性及潜在致病菌分析

Analysis of the oral microflora diversity and potential pathogenic bacteria of sub-adult and elderly captive giant pandas

采用高通量测序技术对6只亚成体和老年体的圈养大熊猫口腔唾液样本进行测序,分析圈养大熊猫口腔细菌的菌群多样性、结构和潜在致病菌及其在2组不同年龄群体间的差异。结果显示:大熊猫口腔中的细菌以变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和蓝细菌门(Cyanobacteria)等为主,相对丰度分别为70.4%、13.4%,在属水平上主要有放线杆菌属(Actinobacillus)、劳特罗普氏菌属(Lautropia)、假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)和莫拉氏菌属(Moraxella)等,相对丰度分别为10.5%、5.4%、3.9%、3.8%;亚成体大熊猫口腔菌群的多样性和丰富度高于老年体的,但差异无统计学意义;β多样性分析结果显示,2组大熊猫口腔菌群结构间的差异无统计学意义;LEfSe分析发现2组之间的差异细菌在亚成体组中有Niveispirillum、固氮螺菌属(Azospirillum)与根瘤菌属(Rhizobium),在老年体组中则有气单胞菌属(Arenimonas)和二氧化碳噬纤维菌属(Capnocytophaga),但它们的相对丰度均不高;圈养大熊猫口腔中有链球菌属(Streptococcus)、放线菌属(Actinomyces)、卟啉单胞菌属(Porphyromonas)和葡萄球菌属(Staphylococcus)等致病菌,其中与龋齿相关的菌群相对丰度较高,这可能与圈养大熊猫摄入了较多的碳水化合物有关。

In this study,the oral saliva samples of 6 captive giant pandas were sequenced by high-throughput sequencing technology with an aim to analyze the oral microflora diversity,structure,potential pathogenic bacteria and the differences between the two groups of captive giant pandas in different ages.The results showed that the bacteria in the mouth of giant pandas were mainly Proteobacteria(70.4%)and Cyanobacteria(13.4%)at the phylum classification level.At the level of genus classification,Actinobacillus(10.5%),Lautropia(5.4%),Pseudomonas(3.9%)and Moraxella(3.8%)were the main species.The diversity and richness of oral flora of sub-adult giant pandas were higher than those of elderly giant pandas with no significant difference.Theβdiversity analysis showed that there was no significant difference in oral flora structure between the two groups.The LEfSe analysis revealed that the different bacteria of the two groups were Niveispirillum,Azospirillum and Rhizobium in the sub-adult group,while Arenimonas and Capnocytophaga were found in the senile group,but their abundance were not high.At the same time,we found Streptococcus,Actinomyces,Porphyromonas,Staphylococcus and other pathogenic bacteria in the mouth of captive giant pandas,among which the abundance of caries-related bacteria were higher,which might be related to the more carbohydrate intake of captive pandas.