铁路企业员工职业卫生知识知晓率调查

Survey on Employee Knowledge of Occupational Health in Railway Enterprises

目的了解铁路企业员工职业卫生知识知晓程度及知识获取途径,从而改进培训方式,提高培训质量,为职业病防治工作提供参考。方法选取2019年1—12月大同地区412名接触职业有害因素的铁路企业员工,调查分析职业卫生相关知识知晓率及获取途径。结果不同年龄、学历、工龄和用工性质的企业职工职业卫生知识知晓率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。不同职业有害因素的危害知晓率,以及不同职业有害因素的防护知晓率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。通过厂内培训获取职业卫生知识者的不同年龄、学历、工龄、劳动性质的比例对比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论职业卫生培训应以知晓率较低的群体为重点;企业内部应形成完善的培训机制,制订行之有效的培训计划并落到实处,落实企业主体责任。用人单位、职业卫生技术服务机构及监管部门应当把握移动互联时代信息传播特点,探索运用移动信息终端开展培训的新模式。

Objective To understand the degree of employees′occupational health knowledge and the ways of knowledge acquisition in railroad enterprises,so as to improve the training methods,enhance the training quality and provide reference for the prevention and control of occupational diseases.Methods 412 enterprise employees exposed to railway enterprise employees in Datong from January 2019 to December 2019 were selected,to investigate and analyze the awareness rate and access to occupational health related knowledge.Results The awareness rate of occupational health knowledge among enterprise employees of different ages,educational backgrounds,length of service,and nature of employment were compared,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The hazard awareness rate of different occupational hazards and the protection awareness rate of different occupational hazards were compared,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The proportion of individuals of different ages,educational backgrounds,length of service,and nature of labor who obtain occupational health knowledge through on-site training were compared,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion Occupational health training should focus on groups with a low awareness rate;form a sound training mechanism within the enterprise,formulate effective training plans and implement them,and implement the main responsibility of the enterprise.Employers,occupational health technical service institutions and regulatory authorities should grasp the characteristics of information dissemination in the mobile Internet era,and explore new models of using mobile information terminals to carry out training.