韩国基础教育全天候看护体系的构建与治理模式研究

A Study on the Construction and Governance Model of All-Day Care System

随着城市化进程的加速,女性劳动率提升,儿童教育成本增加,导致生育率降低的问题,成为世界上许多国家面临的重要问题。韩国政府为回应社会呼声、应对持续走低的生育率,一直将解决基础教育领域的儿童托管问题作为重要课题,并于2017年提出了“构建全天候看护体系”的构想,旨在改进既存儿童托管项目的弊端。文章分析了韩国“全天候看护体系”的提出背景以及“小学托管教室”“地区儿童中心”“共同照顾中心”“青少年放学后学院”四项具体模式,并分析了“全天候看护体系”多中心治理模式的可行性和未来发展趋势。总的来说,经过近五年多的发展,韩国“全天候看护体系”已初步构建,政府、学校和社会多方共同参与,采用多主体参与的治理模式,形成了相对完善的政策体系,支撑起韩国特色的课后服务生态体系。

As urbanization accelerates,the rise of female labor rate and the increasing cost of child education lead to a decline in fertility rate and a crucial issue worldwide.In response to public demand and the continuing low fertility rate,the South Korean government has prioritized the issue of childcare in primary education,then proposed the construction of an All-Day Care System to deal with the deficiencies of existing childcare programs in 2017.This paper examines the establishment and functioning of the All-day Care System and its prominent constituent programs,as well as the practicality and prospective development tendency of the multi-center governance model.In general,after nearly five years of development,the All-day Care System has been established and matured with the participation of the government,schools,and society in a relatively complete policy ecosystem.