定罪免刑的适用现状与规范判断路径--以256份刑事判决书为实证分析

Convicted but Not Sentenced:its Application and Normative Judgment--Based on an Empirical Analysis of 256 Sentences

定罪免刑作为实现刑事责任的方式之一,在当前积极刑法观的时代背景下应当格外予以重视。宽严相济的刑事政策与刑法谦抑性的难以偏废,致使定罪免刑在司法实践的适用中并不鲜见,然而实证分析揭示出,定罪免刑的实践现状仍然存在着适用标准模糊、法条引用混乱及释法说理不充分等问题。因此,为了更好契合刑罚目的和促进刑罚功能的有效发挥,有必要厘清定罪免刑条款的适用标准及界限。应当从定罪免刑的尺度基准、性质定位及刑法教义出发,深入探析司法适用陷入困境的背后缘由,澄清定罪免刑制度的认识误区并完善实践适用的判断路径,以期为司法实践的规范运行提供借鉴,从而改变定罪免刑滥用误用的混乱现状。

As one of the ways to implement criminal liability,convicted but not sentenced should be stressed in view of positive criminal law today.The criminal judicial policy of leniency and severity and the modesty of criminal law are equally indispensable,which makes the exemption from criminal penalties while being convicted is not rare in the application of judicial practices.But there are still problems like different theoretical understandings,chaotic application standards,blurred application boundaries,confusing citation and unclear interpretation of laws,etc.All the above have been seen from some sentences studied in this paper.To better meet the purpose of law and promote its beneficial function,it is necessary to clarify the criteria and boundaries of the application of related legal provisions for convicted but not sentenced.Focusing on its scale,functional positioning and doctrines of the law,we should analyze the reasons behind the dilemma of judicial application,clarify the misunderstanding of the system and improve the judgment path to change the chaotic situation of misuse and provide reference for the standardized operation of judicial practice.