探索飞行汽车通勤新模式的城市空中交通发展分析

An Overview on Development of Urban Air Traffic with a New Mode of Flying Car Commuting

随着电池以及分布式推进技术的发展,具有电动垂直起降(eVTOL)能力的新型飞机设计能力将得到进一步提升.特别是汽车与航空领域的跨界渗透与融合,极大推动了飞行汽车与城市空中交通(UAM)的发展.飞行汽车与城市空中交通(UAM)有可能成为空中交通运输的变革性因素,为航空业、交通系统和城市规划带来颠覆性创新.本文主要介绍了飞行汽车的概念以及发展历程.论述了支撑城市空中交通(UAM)未来的关键支撑元素,包括载运具技术、推进技术、自治技术、通信与导航、空域管理等.同时还探讨了城市地面基础设施、社会接受度、政策因素等方面的影响,以及商业模式选择.本文结合UAM的发展与实施讨论了可能遏制该主题概念成功应用发展的主要挑战和多学科限制.

With the development of battery and distributed propulsion technology,the design of new aircraft with electric vertical takeoff and landing(eVTOL)capability will be further improved.In particular,cross-border penetration and integration of automobile and aviation fields have greatly promoted the development of flying automobiles and urban air mobility(UAM).Flying cars and UAM are likely to become revolutionary factors in air transportation,bringing disruptive innovation to the aviation industry,transportation system and urban planning.This paper mainly introduced the concept and development of flying car,and discussed the key supporting elements involved in the future development of flying car oriented urban air traffic(UAM),including vehicle technology,propulsion technology,autonomous technology,communication and navigation,and airspace management.The impacts of urban ground infrastructure,social acceptance,policies and future business plans were also discussed.Finally,combined with the development and implementation of UAM,the main challenges and multi-disciplinary constraints that may curb the successful application and development of this theme concept were discussed.