宅基地资格权:权属定位、功能作用与实现路径

Homestead Qualification Right: Ownership Positioning, Function and Realization Path

准确把握宅基地资格权的性质是深化宅基地“三权分置”改革的核心和关键。综合考察集体成员基于身份性资格取得宅基地使用权的生成路径及农户宅基地利用方式变化带来的资格属性的拓展,可知宅基地资格权是一项兼具身份属性和财产属性的独立民事权利,其功能体现为分配请求权、居住保障权、可期待收益权和有限处分权。它在宅基地所有权与使用权之间建立了关键联系,促进了所有权、使用权的权能强化与权益保护。实践中,应从界定权利主体、明确实现规则、完善配套制度等方面构建宅基地资格权运行机制,促进宅基地资格权功能的有效发挥。

Accurately grasping the nature of homestead qualification right is the core and key for deepening the reform about three rights separation of homestead.Based on a comprehensive review of the generation path of the collective members'acquisition of the right to use homestead and the expansion of the qualification attribute brought about by the change of the way of using homestead,the homestead qualification right should be an independent civil right with both identity attribute and property attribute,which has the system functions of distribution request right,residential security right,expectable income right and limited disposal right,and it promotes the strengthening of ownership and usage right and the protection of rights and interests by establishing a key link between the homestead ownership and the homestead usage right.In practice,we should establish the operation mechanism of homestead qualification right from the aspects of defining the right subject,clarifying the implementation rules,and improving the supporting system,so as to promote the effective play of the function of homestead qualification right.