Interventional inflammatory bowel disease:endoscopic therapy of complications of Crohn’s disease

Endoscopic therapy for inflammatory bowel diseases(IBD)or IBD surgery-associated complications or namely interventional IBD has become the main treatment modality for Crohn’s disease,bridging medical and surgical treatments.Currently,the main applications of interventional IBD are(i)strictures;(ii)fistulas and abscesses;(iii)bleeding lesions,bezoars,foreign bodies,and polyps;(iv)post-operative complications such as acute and chronic anastomotic leaks;and(v)colitis-associated neoplasia.The endoscopic treatment modalities include balloon dilation,stricturotomy,strictureplasty,fistulotomy,incision and drainage(of fistula and abscess),sinusotomy,septectomy,banding ligation,clipping,polypectomy,endoscopic mucosal resection,and endoscopic submucosal dissection.The field of interventional IBD is evolving with a better understanding of the underlying disease process,advances in endoscopic technology,and interest and proper training of next-generation IBD interventionalists.