野外引种大熊猫(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)发情期移动模式研究

Study on the Movement of Field-Introduced Giant Pandas(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)during Estrus

【目的】了解动物发情时段的空间利用与活动规律是成功开展动物野外引种的重要基础,为探究大熊猫(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)在野外环境中发情时段的空间利用、活动模式以及对生境利用特征的差异,探寻影响引种的原因。【方法】以中国大熊猫保护研究中心通过野外救护并长期圈养的2只大熊猫和3只未经过任何野化培训的圈养繁育大熊猫为对象,基于其野外引种期间的GPS项圈数据,通过ArcGIS等工具分析二者的行为表型差异。【结果】野外引种大熊猫的最小凸多边形法(minimum convex polygon,MCP)家域面积为7.19~75.21 km^(2),引种成功大熊猫的MCP家域面积显著小于引种失败大熊猫的MCP家域面积,引种成功大熊猫的日移动距离要小于引种失败大熊猫的日移动距离[(493.11±57.45)m<(789.57±284.88)m]。引种大熊猫在发情时段的活动范围为(8.68±6.95)km^(2),发情前活动范围为(1.94±1.11)km^(2),发情后活动范围为(1.19±1.34)km^(2),发情时段活动范围显著大于发情前和发情后的活动范围。在对地理因子利用上,大熊猫在发情时段与非发情时段对地理因子的利用也存在显著差异。引种成功大熊猫和引种失败大熊猫发情期活动位点与嗅味树的距离存在差异,引种成功大熊猫更倾向于嗅味树附近活动。【结论】引种成功和失败大熊猫在发情前、发情期和发情后的空间利用与活动模式存在差异。引种失败的大熊猫与引种成功的大熊猫相比在外放期间有着更大的家域面积和日移动距离,引种成功大熊猫发情期活动位点更倾向于嗅味树。建议以后工作中考虑在野外引种前对大熊猫进行野化培训,重点培训圈养大熊猫的野外生存技能,提升交流、繁殖等能力,为圈养大熊猫野外成功引种奠定基础。

【Objective】Understanding the space utilization and activity regularity of animals during estrus is an important basis for carrying out animal field-introduction projects.【Method】In order to clarify the differences in these patterns between successful field-introduced giant pandas and failed field-introduced giant pandas during estrus in the field environment,and to find the reasons why field-rescued pandas can mate successfully while captive pandas failed,this paper investigated the movement date of two fieldrescued individuals who have been kept in captivity for a long time and three captive individuals who haven't learnt any wild training with GPS collars in the Wolong National Nature Reserve.The GPS data were calculated in ArcGIS.【Result】The results showed that the minimum convex polygon home range of field-introduced pandas is from 7.19 km^(2) to 75.21 km^(2),and the MCP home range of unsuccessful fieldintroduced pandas was significantly larger than successful pandas.Meanwhile,the average daily movement distance of unsuccessful individuals was also larger than successful individuals[(493.11±57.45)m<(789.57±284.88)m];the MCP home range before estrus,during estrus and after estrus were(1.94±1.11)km^(2),(8.68±6.95)km^(2) and(1.19±1.34)km^(2).The MCP home range during estrus was significantly larger than that before and after estrus.Moreover,in different period,the giant pandas also have distinct different preferences for geographical factors.Meanwhile,the distance between scent trees and activity fixes during estrus of successful and failed field-introduced giant pandas is also has significant differences.The successful field-introduced giant pandas are inclined to be around the scent trees during estrus.【Conclusion】There are differences in the space utilization and activity patterns between successful and failed field-introduced giant pandas during different period.Compared with the successfully field-introduced pandas,the failed pandas had larger home range and average daily movement distance in the wild,and the activity fixes of successful pandas were more inclined to scent trees during estrus.It is suggested that in the future work,we should consider the wild training of giant pandas before the field introduction,focusing on the training of wild survival skills,improving the ability of communication and reproduction,so as to lay the foundation for the successful field-introduction of captive giant pandas in the wild.