骨骼肌代谢在肉品质调控中的靶标作用及其关键分子途径

Target Roles and Key Molecular Pathways of Skeletal Muscle Metabolism in Meat Quality Regulation

【目的】了解肌纤维组分对肉质的影响及其分子调控机制,为进一步整合营养与肌肉生理学概念提供理论参考。【方法】通过查阅已有的研究成果和追踪前沿研究动态,对骨骼肌的纤维组成、代谢特性、对肉品质的贡献及关键信号通路及分子机理进行阐述。【结果】肉品质在很大程度上取决于肌肉发育过程中发生的生理生化变化,而纤维类型组成和代谢产物决定了肌肉组织的整体生化功能特性,进而决定了肉产品品质。肌肉的发育与代谢很大程度上为遗传所决定,但也会根据生理需求的适应而改变,即骨骼肌代谢调控是环境调节下基因表达和肌肉蛋白酶活性改变的共同结果,在细胞和分子水平上涉及一系列精密而复杂的调控途径。【结论】随着代谢组学技术水平和代谢分子途径研究的发展,肉品质形成过程中的关键影响因素及其机制正在被逐步揭示出来,为解决产肉量和肉品质之间的矛盾提供了重要理论指导。因此,通过精准营养干预改善肉品质,可能具有广阔的应用前景。

【Objective】This review was compiled to summarize the effect of muscle fiber components on meat quality and its molecular regulatory mechanism,and to provide theoretical reference for further integrating the concepts of nutrition and muscle physiology.【Method】The general fiber composition,metabolic characteristics and its contribution to meat quality,as well as the key signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms of skeletal muscle were reviewed in this paper by tracking the frontier research trends.【Result】Meat quality largely depends on the physiological and biochemical changes that occur during muscle development,while fiber type composition and metabolites determine the overall biochemical and functional properties of muscle tissue,which in turn determine meat product quality.Muscle development and metabolism are genetically programmed but can also change in response to physiological needs.Thus,the regulation of skeletal muscle metabolism is largely the result of environmentally regulated gene expression and muscle protease activity,involving a series of sophisticated and complex regulatory pathways at the cellular and molecular levels.【Conclusion】With the in-depth research of metabolomics technology and metabolic molecular pathways,the key influencing factors and mechanisms in the formation of meat quality are further revealed,which provides important theoretical guidance for solving the contradiction between meat yield and meat quality.The intervention of meat quality through precision nutrition may have broad application prospects.