成都市社区高龄老人居家养老服务现况及其影响因素

Current situation and influencing factors of home care services for community oldest-old adults in Chengdu

目的了解成都市社区高龄老人居家养老服务现况及其影响因素。方法选择成都市4个社区年龄≥80岁的居家老人进行入户调查,了解其健康现状及养老服务需求。采用多因素Logistic回归分析社区高龄老人居家养老服务需求的影响因素。结果本研究共调查336名高龄老人,其中男168名,女168名;平均年龄(84.63±3.95)岁;居家养老服务需求以医疗保健类和日常生活照料类服务为主。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示:年龄、居住情况、日常生活能力、认知功能、慢性病数目、健康状态自评结果是日常生活照料类服务需求的影响因素;居住情况、日常生活能力、多重用药情况、健康状态自评结果是医疗保健类服务需求的影响因素;抑郁状况、健康状态自评结果是精神慰藉类服务需求的影响因素。结论成都市社区高龄老人的居家养老服务需求以医疗保健类和日常生活照料类服务为主。健康状态自评结果对居家养老服务需求的影响较大,社区应对有健康问题的老人建立有针对性的个体管理方案。

Objective To investigate the current situation and influencing factors of home care services for community oldest-old adults in Chengdu.Methods The elderly aged≥80 years old in four communities in Chengdu were selected to conduct a household survey to investigate their health characteristics and the demands for home care services.Multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of the demands for home care services in the community oldest-old adults.Results A total of 336 oldest-old adults were investigated in this study,including 168 male and 168 female;with an average age of 84.63±3.95 years;The main demands for home care services were medical care and daily life care services.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that age,living condition,activity of daily living,cognitive function,the number of chronic diseases and self-rated health status were the influencing factors of the demands for daily life care services;Living condition,activity of daily living,multiple drug use,and self-rated health status were the influencing factors of the demands for medical care services;While depression and self-rated health status were the influencing factors of the demands for mental comfort services.Conclusions The main demands for home care services for the oldest-old adults in Chengdu community are medical care and daily life care services.The results of self-rated health status have a greater impact on the demands for home care services,and the community should establish targeted individual management programs for the elderly with healthy problems.