0~3岁婴幼儿父母的养育压力类型及其养育指导需求——基于潜在剖面分析的结果

Types of Parenting Stress and Parenting Guidance Needs of Parents of Children Aged 0~3 Years--Based on the Results of Latent Profile Analysis

为了解0~3岁婴幼儿父母的养育压力类型与养育指导需求,采用养育压力量表和养育指导需求问卷对745名婴幼儿父母进行调查。结果发现,婴幼儿父母养育压力的总体水平偏高,尤其体现在幼儿教养、外界环境、生活调适三个维度;婴幼儿父母养育压力可划分为低压力型、中压力型、高压力型三种潜在类别,中压力型父母占比最高,高压力型次之,低压力型父母占比最低;三类父母在最小子女年龄、与子女关系、居住地、主要照料人、家庭月收入、父亲学历、母亲学历变量上存在显著差异;在养育指导内容与指导形式上,三类父母既有共性需求,也有差异化需求。为缓解婴幼儿父母养育压力,建议父母自身加强养育知识学习,提前做好养育规划;家庭成员密切配合,相互支持;政府为家庭早期教养提供支持。

In order to understand the types of parenting stress and parenting guidance needs of parents with children aged O-3 years,745 parents of infants and toddlers were investigated using a parenting stress scale and a parenting guidance needs questionnaire.The results show that the overall level of parenting stress among parents of infants and toddlers is relatively high,especially reflected in the three dimensions of child rearing,external environment,and life adjustment.Parents of toddlers and infants can be classified three potential categories of parenting stress:low stress,medium stress,and high stress,with the highest proportion of medium stress parents,followed by the high stress parents,and the lowest proportion of low stress parents.The three types of parents have significant differences in variables such as the age of the youngest child,the relationship with the child,place of residence,primary caregiver,monthly family income,father's education level,and mother's education level.In terms of the content and form of parenting guidance,the three types of parents have both common and differentiated needs.In order to alleviate the parenting stress of parents with infants and toddlers,it is recommended that parents enrich their own parenting knowledge and make parenting plans in advance;family members cooperate closely and support each other;the government provide support for each early family parenting.