患病牦牛和藏猪源沙门菌对氨基糖苷类、喹诺酮类和β-内酰胺类药物敏感性试验

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test for Aminoglycosides,Quinolones andβ-Lactams Antibiotics Against Salmonella Isolated from Diseased Yaks and Tibetan Pigs

为了解川西北高原牦牛和藏猪源沙门菌对氨基糖苷类、喹诺酮类和β-内酰胺类抗生素的耐药情况,本研究采用沙门菌选择培养基对采集的样本进行沙门菌分离,利用PCR扩增保守基因invA的方法进行沙门菌鉴定。采用微量肉汤释法对分离鉴定的沙门菌进行氨基糖苷类(庆大霉素、大观霉素、卡那霉素、妥布霉素、链霉素和阿米卡星)、喹诺酮类(沙拉沙星、环丙沙星、达氟沙星、恩诺沙星和萘啶酸)和β-内酰胺类(头孢噻呋)抗生素敏感性实验。试验结果显示,从198份肛拭子样本中分离鉴定得到24株沙门菌,分离率为12.12%。24株沙门菌对庆大霉素的耐药率最高,为66.7%,对链霉素和阿米卡星敏感。对大观霉素、萘啶酸、沙拉沙星、环丙沙星、达氟沙星、卡那霉素、妥布霉素、头孢噻呋和恩诺沙星耐药率分别为33.3%、33.3%、29.2%、25.0%、25.0%、16.7%、16.7%、16.7%和4.2%。分离的24株沙门菌牦牛和藏猪源沙门菌耐药性严重并存在多重耐药现象,临床上应强调加强沙门菌的耐药性检测以合理选用抗菌药物。

To investigate the drug resistance to aminoglycosides,quinolones andβ-lactams antibiotics against Salmonella isolated from yaks and Tibetan pigs in the northwest Sichuan plateau,bacterial isolation was performed from the fecal samples using selective medium and the conserved genes invA was amplificated by PCR for identification.The drug susceptibility testing was done using the broth microdilution method for aminoglycosides(gentamicin,spectinomycin,kanamycin,tobramycin,streptomycin,amikamycin),quinolones(sarafl oxacin,ciprofl oxacin,danofl oxacin,enrofl oxacin,nalidixic acid)andβ-lactams(ceftiofur).The results showed that 24(12.12%)Salmonella strains were isolated from 198 fecal samples.These strains were highly resistant to gentamicin(66.7%)and susceptible to streptomycin and amikacin.The resistance to the following antibiotics was listed as spectinomycin(33.3%),nalidixic acid(33.3%),sarafloxacin(29.2%),ciprofloxacin(25.0%),danofloxacin(25.0%),kanamycin(16.7%),tobmycin(16.7%),ceftiofur(16.7%)and enrofl oxacin(4.2%).These results indicated that Salmonella strains isolated from yaks and Tibetan pig farms were strongly drug resistant and even multi-drug resistant.Therefore,monitoring of drug resistance should be strengthened and rational antibacterial usage should be emphasized in veterinary clinics.