教育强国建设的政策机理与推进逻辑——基于规律、形势、挑战与任务的研判

Policy Mechanism and Promoting Logic of the Construction of a Powerful Nation in Education:Judgment Based on Rules,Situations,Challenges and Tasks

高质量的教育政策体系既是教育强国建设的制度保障,也是教育强国建设的内在之义。教育强国建设的政策机理集中体现为,领导体制上,坚持党对教育事业的全面领导;战略地位上,坚持优先发展教育事业;教育任务上,把立德树人作为根本任务;育人体系上,建立“三全育人”教育体系。层级治理与部门协同、党组织领导的校长负责制,坚持社会主义办学方向、办人民满意的教育是教育强国建设制度与路径的基本经验。从领导体制、发展体系、要素配置角度看,教育强国建设面临立德树人体制机制不够完善、教育发展不平衡不充分,以及学生、教师、教育内容、教育设施等要素优化配置不足的挑战。建设教育强国,要坚持立德树人、全面落实教育根本任务,以教育评价改革推进教育供给侧改革,促进各级各类教育高质量建设和发展,推进教育综合改革、建设协同性体系。

High quality education policy system is not only the institutional guarantee of the construction of a powerful nation in education,but also the intrinsic meaning of it.The policy mechanism of education power construction is embodied in four ways:(1)for the leadership system,insist on the Party’s overall leadership of education;(2)in terms of strategic position,give priority to the development of education;(3)on the task of education,it takes moral cultivation as the fundamental task;(4)on education system,it establishes the“Three Complete Education”system.There are the basic experience of the system and pathway of building a powerful country in education,including the principal responsibility system of multi-level governance,coordination of departments and leadership of the Party organization,adhering to the socialist direction and providing education that is satisfied by the people.From the perspective of leadership system,development system and allocation of elements,the construction of education power faces challenges,such as inadequate systems and mechanisms for cultivating virtues and educating people,unbalanced and inadequate development of education,and inadequate optimal allocation of students,teachers,educational content and educational facilities.To build China into an education power,we must continue to cultivate virtues and cultivate people,fully implement the fundamental task of education,advance supply-side reform of education through educational evaluation reform,promote high-quality education at all levels and of all types,and promote comprehensive reform of education and build a coordinated system.