人格与任务难度对视觉搜索策略及绩效的影响

Effects of Personality and Task Difficulty on VisualSearch Strategy and Performance

目的 为提高视觉搜索任务绩效,研究人格和任务难度对视觉搜索策略和绩效的影响及形成机理。方法 首先定义人格特征和搜索策略,然后运用E-Prime软件设计5(人格特征)×3(任务难度)的视觉搜索实验,采集任务反应时、眼动数据及搜索策略数据,最后对实验数据进行方差分析和中介效应分析。结果 (1)严谨性、开放性和神经质个体在视觉搜索任务中偏向于证实反应,外向性和宜人性个体则偏向于证实和策略反应结合的混合策略;(2)开放性人格和宜人性人格随着任务难度的增加,混合策略的比例逐渐提高;(3)任务难度与搜索绩效的关系呈“倒U型”,注视次数、眼跳次数、和平均眼跳幅度在任务难度影响搜索绩效过程中,中介效应显著,且人格特征起到调节变量的作用。结论 设计者应该结合搜索者的人格特征及他们习惯的策略设计相匹配的搜索任务,并且设计合理的任务难度来保证搜索绩效。

Objective In order to improve the performance of visual search task,an experimental study was conducted to explore the influence of personality and task difficulty on visual search strategy and performance.Methods First,we define the personality traits and search strategy,then we use E-Prime software to design 5(personality traits)×3(task difficulty)visual search experiment,and collect the task response time,eye movement data and search strategy data,finally,the experimental data were analyzed by variance analysis and intermediary effect analysis.Results(1)the subjects of conscientiousness,openness and neuroticism tended to confirm response in visual search task,while the subjects of extroversion and agreeableness preferred the mixed strategy of confirmation and strategic response;(2)with the increase of task difficulty,the proportion of mixed strategy increased gradually;(3)the relationship between task difficulty and search performance was“inverted U”,fixation frequency,saccade frequency,and average saccade amplitude had significant mediating effects on search performance,and personality played a role in regulating variables.Conclusion the designer should design the matching search task according to the personality characteristics of the searchers and their habitual strategies,and design the reasonable task difficulty to ensure the search performance.