越过地面障碍物时绊倒风险影响因素分析

Analysis of Factors Affecting The Risk of Tripping While Crossing an Obstacle

目的 探讨地面障碍物深度、高度及行走者步频对越过障碍时绊倒风险,旨在减少劳动场所职业跌倒伤害。方法 设计3因子步态实验,3因子包括障碍深度(5和10 cm)、障碍高度(1,5和15 cm)和步频(95和125 step/min)。实验招募共计8名男性大学生作为受测者,运用Vicon动作捕捉系统收集不同步频下,越过不同深度及高度障碍时受测者的步态数据,并对其进行统计分析。结果 障碍深度对越过障碍时脚到障碍最小间隙(MFCs)没有显著的影响(P>0.05),障碍高度对MFCs具有显著的影响(P<0.0001),越过障碍时步长受步频的影响是显著的(P<0.05),建立MFCs与步长、实验3因子的线性逐步回归模型。结论 越过障碍时可以不考虑障碍深度的影响,随着障碍高度的增大、步频的加快,绊倒风险不断增大;采取增加抬脚高度、增大步长的策略可以减小越过障碍时的绊倒风险。本研究为控制越过地面障碍时绊倒风险,减少跌倒伤害提供理论参考。

Objective The study investigated the effects of the depth and height of the ground obstacle,walker's step frequency on the risk of tripping when crossing an obstacle,with the aim of reducing occupational fall injuries in the workplace.Methods A three-factor gait experiment was designed.The experimental factors included obstacle depth(5 and 10 cm),obstacle height(1,5 and 15 cm),and walking frequency(95 and 125 step/min).A total of 8 male students were recruited as the participants.The Vicon motion capture system was used to collect the gait data of the participants when they crossed the obstacle under different obstacle depth,obstacle height and walking frequency.The statistical analysis was completed.Results Obstacle depth had no significant effect(P>0.05)on the minimum foot clearance(MFCs)when crossing an obstacle.Obstacle height had a significant effect on MFCs(P<0.0001).The step length,when crossing an obstacle,was affected by walking frequency significantly(P<0.05).In addition,a linear stepwise regression model of MFCs and step lengths with respect to the experimental factors was also established.Conclusion The effect of obstacle depth can be ignored when crossing an obstacle.With the increase of obstacle height and the acceleration of walking frequency,the risk of tripping increased continuously.The strategies to increase the foot lift height and step length can be used to reduce the risk of tripping when crossing an obstacle.This study provides a theoretical reference for controlling the risk of tripping when crossing an obstacle and reducing fall injuries.