环境DNA技术在贻贝入侵监测中的应用挑战

Challenges in invasive mussel monitoring using environmental DNA technology

沼蛤(Limnoperna fortunei)和斑马贻贝(Dreissena polymorpha)是淡水系统中常见的入侵贻贝物种,对其种群规模的持续监测是入侵贻贝防治管控中的关键环节。随着分子生物学技术的发展,入侵物种监测中逐渐尝试利用环境DNA(eDNA)技术实现快速、灵敏检测。然而,在入侵物种引入-定植-扩散过程的监测中,eDNA技术的灵敏度及定量效果受到诸多因素的影响,给实际应用带来挑战。系统梳理了国内外学者利用eDNA技术监测沼蛤、斑马贻贝等入侵物种的研究进展;分析了eDNA技术的采样方案、引物设计、定量分析、质量保证、原位便携仪器设计等影响监测效率与准确率的关键环节;进一步探讨了eDNA技术在贻贝入侵监测中的优势和局限性,以及未来的改进方向。

Golden mussel(Limnoperna fortunei)and zebra mussel(Dreissena polymorpha)are representative species of invasive mussels in freshwater system.Benefiting from molecular biological technology development,the environmental DNA(eDNA)technology has been applied for rapid detection of mussel invasions.However,the sensitivity and quantitative efficiency of eDNA technology are significantly affected by abiotic and biotic environmental parameters when we undertake monitoring of the invasive species during their introduction,colonization,and diffusion processes.In this review,we systematically searched for publications about monitoring of mussel invasions using eDNA technology and analyzed key factors affecting the efficiency and accuracy of eDNA monitoring,including sampling scheme,primer design,quantitative analysis,quality assurance,and portable instrumentation.Based on the summary above,we explored the advantages and limitations of eDNA technology in the invasive mussel monitoring and proposed potential improvements of the technology for future application.