主体功能区视角下国土空间格局演变及生态环境效应——以浙江省为例

Evolution of territorial spatial pattern and associated eco-environmental effects from the perspective of major functional zones:a case study of Zhejiang Province

基于主体功能区视角分析国土空间格局演变特征及其生态环境效应可以有效评估规划对国土开发保护的指导作用,为构建合理有序的国土空间格局和保护生态环境提供有益参考。以快速城镇化地区浙江省为例,运用多期土地利用数据,对浙江省主体功能区规划颁布前后两个时期(2000—2010年和2010—2020年)国土空间格局演变进行比较研究,并运用生态环境质量指数和生态贡献率对不同时期生态环境效应进行定量分析。结果表明:(1)与2000—2010年相比,2010—2020年浙江省国土空间转换动态度下降,其空间集聚性减弱,重点开发区的高值集聚(H-H)区域占比由22.3%增加至39.3%。(2)2000—2010年浙江省不同国土空间变化量的增减关系呈现显著的空间负相关性,2010—2020年其空间负相关性减弱,局部空间自相关区域在各主体功能区具有显著空间差异。(3)与2000—2010年相比,2010—2020年浙江省生态环境质量下降速度放缓,生态环境提升区域面积增加,生态环境恶化区域的分布由生态经济区和优化开发区转移至重点开发区。(4)相比于2000—2010年,2010—2020年各主体功能区内农业生产空间与森林生态空间的转换导致生态环境质量改善/恶化的贡献率提升,优化开发区和重点开发区的农业生产向城镇和农村生活空间转换导致生态环境恶化的贡献率下降。

Analyzing the evolution characteristics of territorially spatial pattern and its eco-environmental effects from the perspective of major functional zones can effectively evaluate the impact of major functional zone planning on the territorial development and protection,which is conducive to providing reference for building a rational and orderly territorially spatial pattern and protecting ecological environment.This paper took Zhejiang Province as an example,the multi-period remote sensing monitoring data of land use were used to analyze the evolution characteristics of territorially spatial pattern in Zhejiang Province before and after the promulgation of the major functional zone planning(2000—2010 and 2010—2020).The eco-environmental quality index and ecological contribution rate were used to quantitatively analyze its eco-environmental effects in different periods.The results show that:(1)Compared with 2000—2010,the conversion degree of territorial space in Zhejiang Province decreased significantly during 2010 and 2020,the spatial agglomeration of territorial space was weakened,and the proportion of high-high clustering areas in key development zones increased from 22.3%to 39.3%during the study period.(2)During 2000 and 2010,the relationships between the increase and decrease of different territorial spaces in Zhejiang Province showed significantly negative spatial correlations,and the negative spatial correlations of the relationships were weakened in 2010—2020.These areas with significant local spatial autocorrelation had obvious regional differences in each major functional zone.(3)Compared with 2000—2010,the declining rate of the eco-environmental quality in Zhejiang Province slowed down in 2010—2020,the eco-environmental enhancement areas increased,while the eco-environmental deterioration areas decreased,and the distribution of eco-environmental deterioration areas transferred from the ecological economic zone and optimized development zone to the key development zone.(4)Compared with 2000—2010,the contribution rate of eco-environmental quality improvement or deterioration due to the transformation between agricultural production space and forest ecological space in each major functional zone increased in 2010—2020.The contribution rate of eco-environmental deterioration due to the transformation of agricultural production to urban and rural living space in optimization development zones and key development zones decreased.