大庆市6种绿化树种对SO_(2)、NO_(2)的消减及滞尘效应

Dust-retention and reduce to SO_(2) and NO_(2) by 6 landscape trees in Daqing

城市森林在吸收、滞留大气污染物,改善城市生态环境方面具有重要意义。以大庆市6种常见绿化树种为研究对象,采用水洗-滤膜法和熏气试验探究不同树种对总悬浮颗粒物(TSP)、大颗粒物(PM_(>10))、粗颗粒物(PM_(3—10))和细颗粒物(PM_(1—3))的滞留规律以及对大气中SO_(2)、NO_(2)的消减效果。研究结果表明:(1)不同树种的滞尘能力差异显著(P<0.05),对TSP的滞留量从大到小依次为:油松(3.82±0.40)g/m^(2)>红瑞木(1.45±0.12)g/m^(2)>紫丁香(1.22±0.17)g/m^(2)>梣叶槭(1.21±0.13)g/m^(2)>大叶杨(0.93±0.17)g/m^(2)>旱柳(0.54±0.14)g/m^(2);(2)树种间对不同颗粒物的滞留量具有显著差异(P<0.05),供试树种对不同粒径颗粒物滞留的质量占比表现为,PM_(>10)(62.33%—83.68%)、PM_(3—10)(10.82%—21.41%)、PM_(1—3)(4.05%—18.30%);(3)红瑞木、紫丁香和梣叶槭的滞尘量与对大气SO_(2)、NO_(2)的吸收量具有显著正相关关系;(4)红瑞木、紫丁香和大叶杨的综合滞尘能力以及大气NO_(2)、SO_(2)的消减能力较强。因此,红瑞木、紫丁香和大叶杨可优先考虑用于城市绿化,在园林植物的规划中当以乔木类的树种为主,配以灌木类和草本类植物,充分利用立体空间,达到滞尘效应的最大化,与此同时还应适当引种或培育适于北方生长的常绿树种,以加强对冬季大气颗粒物的滞留效果。

Urban forest has practical significance in absorbing air pollutants and improving urban ecological environment.Taking six common greening tree species in Daqing City as the research object,the retention law of different plants on different particle sizes,including total suspended particulate(TSP),large particles(PM_(>10)),coarse particle(PM_(3—10)),fine particulate(PM_(1—3))and the reduction of SO_(2)and NO_(2)in the atmosphere were studied by water washing-filtration membrane and artificial simulated fumigation method.The results showed that the significant differences in dust retention capacity among different tree species(P<0.05).(1)The retention of TSP in descending order is Pinus tabuliformis Carr.(3.82±0.40)g/m^(2)>Swida alba Opiz.(1.45±0.12)g/m^(2)>Syringa oblata Lindl.(1.22±0.17)g/m^(2)>Acer negundo Lindl.(1.21±0.13)g/m^(2)>Populus lasiocarpa Oliv.(0.93±0.17)g/m^(2)>Salix matsudana Koidz.(0.54±0.14)g/m^(2).(2)Different tree species had significant differences in retention of different particles(P<0.05).The mass proportion of particles with different particle sizes retained by the tested tree species was as follows:PM_(>10)(62.33%—83.68%),PM_(3—10)(10.82%—21.41%),PM_(1—3)(4.05%—18.30%).(3)The dust retention of Swida alba Opiz.,Syringa oblata Lindl.and Acer negundo Lindl.was positively correlated with the absorbency to SO_(2)and NO_(2).(4)The comprehensive dust retention ability and absorbency to SO_(2)and NO_(2)of Swida alba Opiz.,Syringa oblata Lindl.and Populus lasiocarpa Oliv.were stronger.Therefore,Swida alba Opiz.,Syringa oblata Lindl.and Populus lasiocarpa Oliv.can be preferred for urban greening.In the planning of landscape plants,the tree species should be given priority to those with shrubs and herbs,and make full use of three-dimensional space to maximize the dust retention effect.At the same time,evergreen tree species suitable for northern growth should also be introduced or cultivated to strengthen the retention effect of atmospheric particles in winter.