河滨湿地不同植物群落根系分布特征与土壤理化性状的关系——以黄河中游荥阳段为例

Characteristics of root distribution and soil physical and chemical properties of different vegetation communities in tidal flat wetland:a case study of Xingyang section of Zhengzhou in the middle reaches of the Yellow River

在黄河中游郑州荥阳段,选择了5种河滨湿地植物群落进行根系和土壤性状特征研究,以期阐明不同植物群落的根系分布规律与土壤性状的关系,为河滨湿地植物群落组成以及土壤质量恢复提供科学参考。结果表明(1)在0—40 cm土层,根生物量密度与根长密度的平均值均表现为:芦苇群落(Phragmites australis)和芦苇-狗牙根(Cynodon dactylon)群落均大于芦苇-拂子茅(Calamagrostis epigeios)-狗牙根群落、拂子茅-狗牙根群落、拂子茅-狗牙根-水莎草(Juncellus serotinus)群落。拂子茅-狗牙根、芦苇-拂子茅-狗牙根、拂子茅-水莎草-狗牙根三种植物群落类型下根生物量密度、根长密度在0—20 cm表层土壤较大,芦苇群落和芦苇-狗牙根群落的根生物量密度、根长密度在10—40 cm的土层较大。(2)黄河河滨湿地芦苇群落、芦苇-狗牙根群落的土壤以粉粒为主,拂子茅-狗牙根群落、芦苇-拂子茅-狗牙根群落、拂子茅-狗牙根-水莎草群落的土壤主要以砂粒为主。在0—40 cm土层,芦苇群落、芦苇-狗牙根群落的土壤含水率、土壤有机质、有效氮和有效磷含量均显著高于芦苇-拂子茅-狗牙根、拂子茅-狗牙根、拂子茅-狗牙根-水莎草群落。(3)黄河河滨湿地植物群落的根生物量密度、根长密度均与土壤黏粒含量、粉粒含量、土壤含水率、有效氮显著正相关(P<0.05),与土壤砂粒呈极显著负相关(P<0.01)。

In this paper,five riparian zone vegetation types were selected in the middle reaches of the Yellow River in Zhengzhou Xingyang to study the roots and soil properties in order to elucidate the relationship between the root distribution patterns and soil properties in different vegetation types,to provide scientific reference on plant community composition and soil quality restoration in riparian zones.The results showed that:(1)In the 0—40 cm soil layer,the mean root biomass density and the mean root length density were greater in the Phragmites australis community and the Phragmites australis-Cynodon dactylon community than in the Phragmites australis-Calamagrostis epigeios-Cynodon dactylon community,the Calamagrostis epigeios-Cynodon dactylon community and the Calamagrostis epigeios-Cynodon dactylon-Juncellus serotinus community.The distribution of root biomass density in the Phragmites australis community and Phragmites australis-Cynodon dactylon community was mainly distributed in the soil layer of 10—40 cm.(2)in the Yellow River tidal flat wetland,the soil of the Phragmites australis community and the Phragmites australis-Cynodon dactylon community are mainly silty grains.The soil of the Calamagrostis epigeios-Cynodon dactylon community,Phragmites australis-Calamagrostis epigeios-Cynodon dactylon community,and the Calamagrostis epigeios-Cynodon dactylon-Juncellus serotinus community are mainly sand grains.In the 0—40 cm soil layer,the soil moisture content,soil organic matter,available nitrogen,and available phosphorus content of the Phragmites australis community and the Phragmites australis-Cynodon dactylon community are significantly higher than Calamagrostis epigeio-Cynodon dactylon community,Phragmites australis-Calamagrostis epigeio-Cynodon dactylon community.(3)The root biomass density and root length density of plant communities in the Yellow River riparian zone were significantly positively correlated with soil clay content,silt content,soil moisture content,and available nitrogen(P<0.05),which were extremely significantly negatively correlated with soil sand content(P<0.01).