新世纪以来女性作家的家庭叙事——以姚鄂梅《家庭生活》为中心

The Family Narrative of Female Writers since the New Century and Comments on Yao E-mei’s Family Life

女性与家庭的关系是文学作品中经久不衰的主题。新世纪以来,中国女性作家的家庭叙事中呈现出清晰的女性主体性叙事的倾向。姚鄂梅的中篇小说集《家庭生活》聚焦中国女性的家庭生活场域,塑造了因家庭主义放弃个人发展的牺牲者、被剥夺了社会性母亲身份的无望的救赎者,以及为情感殉道的另类第三者形象。其将女性的欲望叙事内蕴于家庭叙事的结构之中,小说通过有关生育的事件进行倒叙,勾连人物的身体记忆,揭露了女性围绕生育产生的耻感与隐痛是父权制家庭政治的恶果。同时,作者超越以往女性主义作家通过身体写作批判父权制度的层面,揭示了家庭内感情危机背后的物质主义的弊病,探讨了女性不平等地位的经济根源,反思了单向度理念化的家庭已有的权力关系。因此,应当从加强个体责任意识与完善社会制度的角度寻找应对家庭危机的出路。

The relationship between women and their families is an enduring theme in literary works.Since the new century,the family narrative of Chinese female writers has shown a clear tendency of female subjectivity narrative.Yao’s novella Family Life has attracted widespread attention for its portrayal of the plight of women in contemporary Chinese families.It focuses on Chinese women’s family life,portrays the victims who give up personal development because of the family doctrine,the hopeless expiators who are deprived of motherhood and the mistresses who are martyrs of love.The narrative of female desire is embedded in the structure of family narrative,and the novel recounts the events related to procreation,connecting with the characters’body memory.It reveals that women’s shame and hidden pain around childbearing is the result of patriarchal family politics.Meanwhile,the author goes beyond the level of feminist writers criticizing the patriarchal system through body writing,reveals the ills of materialism behind the emotional crisis in the family,explores the economic causes of women’s unequal status,and reflects on the existing problems of one-dimensional idealized families’power relations.Therefore,we should find a way out to deal with the family crisis from the perspective of strengthening individual responsibility awareness and perfecting social system.