张岱暮夜书写的城市空间及美学追求

Urban Space and Aesthetic Pursuit in Zhang Dai's Night Writing

暮夜书写是张岱小品文的重要题材,显示了张岱对城市暮夜生活的审美偏好,是研究张岱乃至晚明文人城市审美的一个较新视角,具有时代与个人的鲜明特色。张岱多样化的城市“夜游”体验营构了不同的城市空间:他以“闲逛”的方式体验世俗公共空间的喧嚣之美,对冲破传统平和美的沸腾美感表达了由衷喜爱,“物性自遂”代表了他这方面的审美理念;张岱更以“沉浸”的方式品味私人诗性空间的孤寂之美,在“一往情深”的个性化审美活动中实现对人生空幻的超越。张岱的城市暮夜审美展现出丰厚的层次感,反映出晚明文人城市审美需求的多样性。“夜气”是始终贯穿于张岱城市暮夜书写的美学追求,在清静灵明的“夜气”中寻求对人的本真的回归,并提升至“冰雪之气”的美学人格建构,更是张岱城市暮夜书写的深意。并且,张岱于喧嚣中保持心灵的静气,于雅俗间维持身心平衡等城市审美观念对现代人也多有启示。

Night is an important subject matter of Zhang Dai's essays which shows his aesthetic preference for urban night life,and therefore is a new perspective for the study of Zhang Dai and of the late Ming literati urban aesthetic.Zhang Dai's diverse experience of urban "night tour"constructs different urban spaces:in his wandering he knows the charm of secular public space and expresses his hearfelt love for the hustle and bustle which transgresses traditionalideaofbeauty,and hisideaof"sef-contained materiality"represents this aesthetc.What is more,immersed inhisprivate poet space,Zhang Dai transcends life's illusions through his personalized aesthetic activities.His urban night aesthetic is multi-layered,reflecting the diverse urban aesthetic needs of the late Ming literati.Zhang Dai always pursues“night air”in his urban night writing,which stands for the return to man's true nature and the construction of aesthetic personality.In addition,Zhang Dai maintains a quiet mind amid noises,and a balance between body and mind,which are inspiring aesthetic concepts for modern people.