我国突发环境事件现状与关键影响因素研究

Status quo and main influencing factors of environmental emergencies in China

依据我国2005—2020年突发环境事件统计数据和典型环境事件案例,对突发环境事件的时空分布特征以及主要影响因素等方面开展分析。结果表明,2005—2020年全国突发环境事件发生频次总体上呈现先上升后下降趋势,其中2011—2014年期间为突发环境事件发生的高峰阶段;突发环境事件存在明显的季节分布特征,春季频次最高;突发环境事件发生频次在不同省份、区域和流域存在较大差异,且与区域经济发展情况存在一定关联;生产安全事故、交通运输事故和企事业单位违法排污是引发突发环境事件的3大主要因素。此外,还分析了不同区域的主要特征污染物,研究了我国环境应急管理政策对突发事件防控的影响。因此,防范各类突发环境事件,需要加强源头管控和部门合作,进一步加强环境风险管理,落实企业主体责任。在各类生产安全事故和交通事故处置过程中,需加强同生态环境部门联动,做好先期处置,避免次生环境事件。

Based on the statistical data of environmental emergencies and typical environmental events in China from 2005 to 2020,the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics and main influencing factors of environmental emergencies were analyzed.The results showed that from 2005 to 2020,the frequency of environmental emergencies in China generally showed an upward trend and then a downward trend.The peak period of environmental emergencies was from 2011 to 2014.The seasonal distribution of environmental emergencies was characterized by the highest frequency in spring.The frequency of environmental emergencies varied greatly in different provinces,regions,and watersheds,and was related to regional economic development.Industrial safety accidents,transportation accidents and illegal discharge of pollutants by enterprises and institutions were the three main factors that cause environmental emergencies.In addition,the main characteristic pollutants of different regions were analyzed and the impact of China's environmental emergency management policies on emergency prevention and control were studied.To prevent the occurrence of various environmental emergencies,it is necessary to strengthen source control and departmental cooperation,further strengthen environmental risk management,and implement the main responsibility of enterprises.In the process of managing safety production accidents and traffic accidents,it is necessary to strengthen coordination with the ecological environment department,carry out preliminary disposal,and avoid secondary environmental incidents.