区块链证据规则的逻辑嬗变

The Logical Evolution of Blockchain Evidence Rules

从2018年到2022年的区块链证据规则,呈现出规则演化的逻辑脉络。2018年《关于互联网法院审理案件若干问题的规定》确立区块链证据的合法形态,2021年《人民法院在线诉讼规则》补强了审核证据的路径与能力。两大规则的着眼点都在于区块链证据本身的效力验证问题,主要回应了上链证据的阶段性差异、证据认定的标准不明与技术监督机制的缺失。此后,区块链多节点验证的技术特征,也使司法系统多主体参与的协作关系成为必要。2022年《关于加强区块链司法应用的意见》将区块链证据置于共享与协作的证据生态环境中,旨在进一步提升区块链证据的应用范围。在此基础上,区块链证据审核的标准认定、责任分配等方面成为证据规则的新重点。三大规则的逻辑嬗变,推动区块链证据规则成为既有证据规则的延伸,助力技术人本主义价值的实现。

From 2018 to 2022,the blockchain evidence rules show the logical evolution.In 2018,“Regulations on Several Issues Concerning the trial of Cases by Internet Courts”established the legal form of blockchain evidence,and in 2021,“Online Litigation Rules”strengthened the path and ability to review evidence.The focus of the two rules is on the blockchain and the validity of evidence itself.It shows that the application of blockchain evidence mainly lie in the phased differences on the chain,the unclear standards for identification,and the lack of technical supervision mechanism.However,the technical characteristics of multi-node verification on blockchain make it necessary for a collaborative relationship of subjects in the judicial system.The 2022“Opinions of the Supreme People's Court on Strengthening Blockchain Application in the Judicial Field”places blockchain evidence into a shared and collaborative ecological environment,which aims to further enhance the application of blockchain evidence.To this end,the standard identification and responsibility allocation of blockchain evidence review have become the gateway,therefore the rights and responsibilities of technology supervision should be further clarified.In this way,blockchain evidence rules can be used as an extension of existing evidence rules to promote the value of technological humanism.