父母回应消极情绪的方式与青少年病理性人格特质的关系

Parental Responses to Adolescents’Negative Emotions and the Potential Risk of Personality Disorder in Adolescence

采用父母回应青少年消极情绪量表和青少年病理人格特质量表对642名青少年进行问卷调查,考察青少年人格障碍风险及其与父母回应消极情绪的方式的关系,结果表明:(1)青少年人格障碍风险存在三类最佳潜剖面,高风险占25%,中等风险占49.1%,低风险占24.9%;(2)父母温暖回应和惩罚两种方式在三类人格障碍风险潜剖面之间存在显著的两两差异,父母鼓励表达在中、低风险组间差异不显著,最小化在中、高风险组间差异不显著;(3)父母支持性回应方式能够在一定程度上缓冲非支持性回应方式对病理性人格特质的影响,但是,不论父母是否同时采用支持性和非支持性方式回应青少年消极情绪,父母非支持性回应方式都和青少年病理性人格特质显著相关。

A burgeoning number of empirical evidence made it clear that personality disorders occurred in childhood and adolescence.However,it is inappropriate to evaluate adolescents’personality from the perspective of categorical model of personality disorders,which may increase the stigmatization and impede the development of personality.Dimensional perspective of personality disorders in DSM-5 Section III(Negative Affectivity,Detachment,Antagonism,Disinhibition,and Psychoticism)is considered a better approach to defining personality disorders in childhood and adolescence.Because it helps us understand adolescents’maladaptive personality traits from a developmental psychopathology perspective and connects personality development during childhood and adolescence with adult personality disorders,other than labeling the m with personality disorder categories.The present study sought to evaluate adolescents’pathological personality traits from the perspective of dimensional model of personality disorders.We aimed to explore the profiles of adolescents’pathological personality traits and their associations with parents'responses to adolescents’negative emotions.First,we identified maladaptive personality profiles of adolescents based on 25 pathological personality traits in the Personality Inventory for DSM-5(PID-5).Then we further tested the group dif ferences in parental responses to negative emotions on adolescents’maladaptive personality profiles.Last,we examined the interactions between parental non-supportive and supportive reactions to negative e motions on the development of adolescents’pathological personality traits.The study was conducted in six middle schools in China's mainland.Seven hundred and one adolescents were recruited in this sampl e.Due to a large number of missing data(>10%)or suspected random responding,59 participants were excluded from analyses.The final sample(642 adolescents)comprised of the following distribution:53.6%male,46.4%female;grade 7(41%),grade 8(46%),and grade 10(13%).The school principals and head teachers coordinate d the assessment procedure.All the participants were informed that participation in this study was voluntary,and their answers were confidential.Researchers went to each classroom to make the instructions consistent and clear.The Personality Inventory for DSM-5 and Parental Responses to Adolescents’Negative Emotions Scale were conducted by paper and pencil during regular daily classes in each classroom with 40-60 students.It took about 35~50 minutes to finish the whole questionnaires.We provided free lectures about personality development in adolescence as a reward.The results demonstrated that:(1)Three profiles of adolescents’pathological personality traits were identified:low-risk(25%;low scores across the 25 low-order pathological traits),median-risk(49.1%;median scores across the 23 low-order pathological traits,wi th the exception of Impulsivity and Rigid Perfectionism),and high-risk(24.9%;high scores across the 25 low-order pathological traits).(2)Adolescents in the three personality disorder risk profiles demonstrated significant difference on all the parental reactions to negative emotions.Specifically,parental warmth/responsiveness and punishment to negative emotions showed significant difference across the three profiles.However,parental expressive encouragement showed non-significant difference between low-risk and median-risk profiles,whereas parental minimization showed non-significant difference between median-risk and high-risk profiles.(3)The moderating effect of parental supportive reactions on the relationship between parental non-supportive reactions and adolescents’pathological personality traits was significant.When parents demonstrated supportive response to adolescents’negative emotions simultaneously,the negative effects of parents’non-supportive reactions on adolescents’personality dysfunction were weakened.