个体教育获得的“末孩”与“首孩”效应--基于CFPS数据的实证分析

The Last Child and First Child Effect on Individual Education Attainment:Empirical Evidence from CFPS

多子女家庭内,家庭内部教育资源普遍存在着分配不平等的现象。利用2010年和2018年中国家庭追踪调查的匹配数据,本文研究了我国多子女家庭中教育获得的“首孩效应”和“末孩效应”。结果显示:(1)末孩的受教育年限比其他排行的同胞高0.883年,存在显著的“末孩优势”效应;(2)首孩的受教育年限比其他排行的同胞低0.535年,但仅在非农业户口群体中存在显著的“首孩劣势”效应;(3)“首孩劣势”与“末孩优势”存在世代差异,该效应在1978年后出生的个体中具有显著性,而在1978年以前出生个体中不显著;(4)分位数回归表明,个体教育获得的“末孩优势”只在较低教育阶段显著,在较高教育阶段不显著,可能是因为在较高教育阶段禀赋效应抵消了排行效应。政策设计时,应加大对多孩家庭的外部教育资源支持力度、提高养育教育成本补偿的精确性,进而缓解家庭教育资源约束、优化家庭内部教育资源分配。

It is a common phenomenon that there is in-equal distribution of educational resources in multi-child families.Based on the data from China Family Panel Studies 2010 and 2018,this article aims to investigate the last child and first child effect on the individual education.The empirical findings show:firstly,the last child has 0.883 years of schooling more than that of other children and there are obvious advantages effect of last child;Secondly,the first child has 0.535 schooling years less than that of other children,and the significant disadvantages of first child effect only exists in the individuals from the families with non-agricultural hukou;Thirdly,the advantages of the youngest child and the disadvantages of the oldest child in education attainment are significant only in individuals born after 1978 while no significant effect on those born before 1978;Lastly,the quantile regression shows that the advantages of the youngest child have a significant impact only on the compulsory education and no significant effect on the higher education.The constraints on family education resources can be alleviated from the social supports including the more support of external educational resources for multi-child families,the accurate support and compensation of educational costs based on the first child and last child effects.