基于Meta分析的调控灌溉对中国北方葡萄产量及灌溉水分利用效率的影响研究

Meta-analysis of the Effect of Regulated Irrigation on Yield and Irrigation Water Use Efficiency of Grapes in Northern China

【目的】分析调控灌溉对中国北方葡萄产量及水分利用效率的影响,评价葡萄最佳灌溉定额的合理性。【方法】以充分灌溉为对照,基于59篇公开发表的学术论文中的316组葡萄产量与灌溉水分利用效率观测数据,采用Meta分析对调控灌溉条件下的田间试验结果进行分析,通过回归分析与亚组分析探讨了调控灌溉对葡萄产量和灌溉水分利用效率的影响;基于反距离权重法对最佳灌溉定额进行插值得到区域最佳灌溉定额。【结果】与充分灌溉相比,调控灌溉导致中国北方葡萄减产710.37 kg/hm^(2),灌溉水分利用效率提高1.19 kg/m^(3)。不同葡萄品种的灌溉水分利用效率对调控灌溉的响应不同,“阳光玫瑰”正效应最强,为30.13kg/m^(3);鲜食葡萄比酿酒葡萄的灌溉水分利用效率高61%。在壤土和砂质土壤园区,全生育期或着色成熟期的轻度调控灌溉更有利于稳产。【结论】调控灌溉下的中国北方葡萄产量降低但品质有所提高,葡萄最佳灌溉定额与生育期水分缺额基本匹配。

【Objective】Regulated irrigation has become a technology widely used in semi-arid regions in northern and northwestern China.Using meta-analysis,this paper analyzes the impact regulated irrigation on yield and irrigation water use efficiency of grapes,based on data obtained from various vineyards in these regions.【Method】With sufficient irrigation taken as the control(CK),316 experimental datasets collected from 59 published studies were used for analysis.Factors that influence the impact of regulated irrigation on grape yield and irrigation water use efficiency were analyzed using regression and subgroup analysis.The optimal irrigation amount for each experiment was calculated using the inverse distance weight method,from which we created an optimal regulated irrigation map for grapes in the regions.【Result】Compared with CK,regulated irrigation reduced the grape yield by 710.37 kg/hm^(2),but increased fruit quality and irrigation water use efficiency by 1.19 kg/m^(3).The change in irrigation water use efficiency with regulated irrigation varied with grape variety.For example,regulated irrigation increased the water use efficiency of the Hutai8 variety only by 0.62 kg/m^(3)(p<0.05),but the Sunshine Rose variety by 30.13 kg/m^(3)(p<0.05).On average,regulated irrigation increased water use efficiency of table grapes by 61%more than that of wine grapes.The impact of regulated irrigation also varied with soil texture.For loam and sandy soils,a moderate regulated irrigation during the whole growth season or at the coloring maturity stage was more efficient.【Conclusion】Regulated irrigation reduced the yield of grapes in northern China,but increased fruit quality and water use efficiency.The optimal irrigation amount was consistent with water deficit during the growth season of the grapes.