波浪增阻预报的研究现状与未来展望

State-of-the-Art in Predicting the Added Resistance of Ship Advancing in Waves

随着国际海事组织减少温室气体排放战略的稳步推进,波浪增阻预报成为近十多年来的热点研究课题之一。作为二阶波浪力,其成因既与船舶本身特征相关,又与其营运状态和海洋环境相关。由于存在各种限制,对其进行精确测定和数值预报均十分困难。该文阐述了各种波浪增阻预报方法的研究现状,包括实验方法、基于势流理论的方法、基于求解黏性方程的方法、半经验方法和数据驱动方法等,回顾和评述了各种方法的发展历程并展望了未来发展趋势,此外,基于半经验公式,文中展示了新型船舶各航速与各海况下的平均波浪增阻等值线图,该图表便于工程实践应用,最后,在充分讨论的基础上,提出了未来研究工作需重点关注的方向。

Along with the advancement of the International Maritime Organization’s strategy on reducing greenhouse gas emissions,the prediction of added resistance in waves has become a hot issue during the last decade.As a secondorder wave force,the mechanism of added resistance in waves is not only related to the characteristics of the ship itself,but also to its operating conditions and marine environment.However,the experimental determination and numerical prediction of the added resistance in waves have remained a challenge due to various technical constraints.This study briefly presents the state-of-the-art of various methods for the prediction of the added resistance in waves by reviewing and commenting the development of various methods,such as experimental methods,potential flow methods,viscous flow methods,semi-empirical methods and data-driven methods.In addition,based on a newly developed semiempirical formula,a new type of contour diagram of the average added resistance for a ship sailing at various speeds under various sea states is presented to facilitate engineering applications.Finally,the prime concern of the future research is proposed based on thorough discussion.