考虑需求中断风险的贸易信用合约设计

Design of trade credit contract considering demand disruption

聚焦于潜在需求中断情境下,存在产能约束的供应商和融资约束的零售商组成的二级供应链决策优化及协调问题,提出了一类由供应商同时决定提前支付折扣和信用额度,零售商决定最优订购量的贸易信用契约.研究发现:零售商会权衡提前支付折扣和需求中断风险,进而做出最优的订购决策;供应商的最优贸易信用决策存在一条帕累托边界,可为异质性的零售商提供柔性化贸易信用条款.贸易信用契约可以实现零售商和供应商期望利润的帕累托改进,并能实现供应链的部分协调.

[JP3]Focusing on the potential demand disruption,this paper investigates the decision optimization and coordination in a two-echelon supply chain which consists of a dominant supplier with capacity constraints and a retailer with financing constraints.In order to effectively balance the promotion incentive and risk-sharing mechanism of trade credit,this paper proposes a trade credit contract in which the supplier simultaneously determines the early-payment discount and amount of trade credit,and the retailer determines the optimal order quantity.The main results reveal that the retailer′s optimal order decision depends on the balance between the early-payment discount and demand disruption risk,the supplier′s optimal decision hinges on the Pareto frontier,which can be utilized to offer flexible credit terms to heterogeneous retailers.The proposed trade credit contract can not only realize the Pareto improvement of individual players′expected profits but also realize partial coordination of the supply chain.