多边合作框架下的日韩北极战略比较及其启示

Comparison of Japan's and ROK's Arctic Strategies and Its Enlightenment

在同属北极理事会正式观察员国和非北极国家的中日韩三国中,日本最早涉足北极事务,韩国最早出台专门性北极战略。在北极战略和利益上,日韩两国有着四大利益诉求、三大共同优势和四点差异与竞争。日韩两国的北极战略有诸多可资中国借鉴的地方。中日韩三国在北极航道的利用、北极资源的可持续开发、北极环境保护与科学考察等方面有诸多共同利益,存在较大的合作空间。只有多边合作框架才能成为构筑北极经济体系的有效机制,俄罗斯正在推进“向东看”,中日韩等东北亚国家可以参与俄罗斯落实“北极区域发展与国家安全战略”。美国因素与中日韩历史问题和同质化竞争是三国北极合作的离心力。因而,促进中日韩在北极事务上实现可持续性的机制化合作实为必要,中日韩三国在北极事务中的合作在一定程度上可以对中日韩RCEP框架下的合作,以及中日韩FTA合作等多边机制的合作带来深远影响。

For China,Japan and ROK,which are both Permanent Observers of the Arctic Council and non-Arctic countries,Japan was the first to set foot in the Arctic,and ROK was the first to introduce its special Arctic policy.On Arctic policy and interests,these two countries have four major common interests,three common advantages and four differences and competition.Japan's and ROK's Arctic policies can be used for reference to China.The three countries have many common interests in the utilization of Arctic channels,the sustainable development of Arctic resources,Arctic environmental protection and scientific investigation,etc.,and there is a large space for cooperation.However,due to the Arctic countries,especially the United States,with a serious rejection of non-Arctic countries(especially China),the history factor and homogeneous competition among China,Japan and ROK,as well as the U.S.factor,are the centrifugal force of the three countries’Arctic cooperation.Therefore,it is necessary to promote the institutionalized Arctic cooperation among China,Japan and ROK.