基于会话分析的网络热帖话语结构和特征

Discourse Structure and Characteristics of Online Hot Posts Based on Conversation Analysis

网络热帖研究对于探知重大舆情事件演化规律、监测分析引导网络舆论具有重要意义。本文从会话分析的视角研究发现,网络热帖话语是主题邀约式多人会话场,形成的是一种单线或双线交错的交叉式的话轮和话题结构。从整体结构来看,热帖话语的开端存在四种起始话步类型:资讯型话步、质疑型话步、推理型话步和动员型话步。而其主体结构则有天女散花、众星环极、穿针引线、合围攻击以及交叉复合结构等。从局部结构看,网络热帖话轮转换与日常对话不同,其毗邻对主要有“评论-延伸”“评论-顶帖”“评论-反驳”“评论-疑问”“评论-中立”等模式。网络热帖中,由冲突话语构成的“非可取结构”为普遍存在的类型。冲突话步主要有争论反驳式、回收再用式和替换纠正式三种类型。热帖话语中还存在多人会话策略,具体包括结盟策略、调停策略和共识策略等。

The research on online hot posts is of great significance for ex-ploring the evolution law of major public opinion events,monitoring,analyzing and guiding online public opinion.From the perspective of conversation analysis,it is found that the discourse of online hot posts is a topic invitation multi person conversation field,and the turn and topic structure formed is a single line or double line staggered cross turn and topic structure.From the overall structure,there are four types of initial moves in the beginning of hot post discourse:ques-tioning,reasoning,mobilization and consultation.Its main structure includes the heavenly maiden scattered flowers,the stars around the world,threading,en-circling attack and cross composite structure.From the perspective of local struc-ture,turn taking of online hot posts is different from daily conversation.Its adja-cency pairs mainly include the modes of“comment extension”“comment top post”“comment refutation”“comment question”“comment neutrality”,etc.In online hot posts,the“non desirable structure”composed of conflict dis-course is a common type.There are three types of conflict moves:argument refu-tation,recycling and replacement correction.There are also multi person conver-sation strategies in hot post discourse,including alliance strategy,mediation strategy and consensus strategy.